Macroanatomical and morphometric study on the skull bones of Aksaray Malakli dogs

Abstract

Background: The skull is an important anatomical structure to discern dog breeds and wolves from dogs. For this purpose, skull morphology and some morphometric measurements of Malakli dogs, a local breed in the Aksaray region, were examined. Materials and methods: Thirty-two distances were measured, and seven ratio's calculated, in nine skulls of adult dogs. In our study, different morphological features and statistical findings that were not revealed by taking measurements from thirty-two distinct anatomical points of Aksaray Malakli dog skull bones were determined in accordance with the literature. Results: Processus zygomaticus was found to be long and pointed in the Aksaray Malakli dogs. The morphometric analysis results, facial index value 107.68 ± 4.98,

Morphometric analysis for the sex determination of the skull of the Deltari Ilir dog (Canis lupus familiaris) of Kosovo

“…The width average of the Deltari Ilir skull, which was 124.29 ± 8.93 mm in females and 129.65 ± 8.25 mm in males, showed that we are dealing with a dog with a large skull size, probably one of the largest compared with studies conducted by Onar et al, 2001 in the male Kangal dog where the skull length was 258.73 ± 13.357 mm and width was 130.03 ± 5.404 mm, or in the study made by Daskiran and Cedden (2006) in the skull length of Kangal dog was 23.773 ± 0.308 cm in females and 24.750 ± 0.374 cm in males and skull width(between two zygomatic archs) 13.091 ± 0.202 cm and 14.844 ± 0.197 cm in female and males respectively. In the study made by Igado (2017) in Nigerian local dog the skull length was 15.8 ± 1.1 cm in females and 16.64 ± 1.647 cm in males but, in the study made by Urosevic et al (2020) in Akbaş Turkish Shepherd Dog the skull length in females was 16.00 ± 1.58 cm and 17.00 ± 2.16 cm in males but the skull width was 13.63 ± 2.28 cm and 14.06 ± 1.96 cm in females and males, respectively, whereas in the study performed by Opoku‐Agyemang et al (2020) the skull length of Ghanian local dog resulted from 18.535 ± 1.977 cm to 22.847 ± 0.927 cm and males and finally in the study of İlgün et al (2022) made in the Aksaray Malakli dogs the skull length was 245.78 ± 15.35 mm.…”

“…The skeleton of the animal's head and especially the skeleton of the skull in the dog is a very important and valuable element in determining the type of animals, breeds, ages and even their sex. This is based on numerous osteometry studies performed on many species of the Canidae family such as Onar (1999), Onar et al (2001, 2005), Daskiran and Cedden (2006), Monfared (2013), Rezić et al (2017), Opoku‐Agyemang et al (2020), İlgün et al (2022), Srinivas and Jhala (2021), who have evaluated the morphology of the skull, have shown many different morphometric parameters and have calculated different types of indices in order to estimate the typology of the skull, breed, age and sex.…”

“…In the studies made by Özcan et al (2010), Karimi et al (2011), Dalga et al (2018), Popoola and Oseni (2018), Choudhary et al (2020), Gündemir et al, (2020a), Jashari et al (2022), different sheep skulls were studied and differences between breeds were revealed. Other morphometric studies are undertaken in the skull of different Canids to reveal their features and to use these data in specie identification or in comparative studies such as in dogs (Daskiran & Cedden, 2006; İlgün et al, 2022; Monfared, 2013; Onar, 1999; Onar et al, 2001), lions (Zuccarelli, 2003), cats (Saber et al, 2016) felines (Saber & Gummow, 2015), red foxes (Munkhzul et al, 2018; Onar et al, 2005), wolfs and jackals (Andersone & Ozolins, 2000; Janssens et al, 2019; Milencovic et al, 2010; Rezić et al, 2017; Srinivas & Jhala, 2021; Stoyanov, 2012; Younes & Fouad, 2016).…”

Comparative craniometric measurements of two Canid species in Egypt: the Egyptian red fox and the Egyptian Baladi dog

“…Moreover, the Baladi dog in the present study had higher values of skull length and nasal length but lower values of cranial length and cranial width than those reported in the Iranian mixed breed dogs [ 27 ]. Moreover, the skull, cranial, facial, and foramen magnum index values of Baladi dog were lower than those of the Aksaray Malakli dog, a local breed of dog in Turkey, while the Baladi dog had higher value for the palatal index [ 63 ]. Variations in skull morphometry could be referred to several reasons including variations in the diet, adaptation to local environment, the availability of food, and climatic changes [ 64 ].…”

Mandible Size and Shape of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Golden Jackal (Canis aureus)

“…Cranial morphometry is crucial for taxonomy and has a major impact on the management and maintenance of the species. Several studies have been conducted regarding the craniometrics of carnivores, including dog (Onar, 1999;Ilgun et al, 2021), wolf (Okarma and Buchalczyk, 1993;Milenković et al, 2010;Khosravi et al, 2012;Gürbüz et al, 2020), fox (Gomes and Valente, 2016;Munkhzull et al, 2018;Magalhães et al, 2019), golden jackal (Monfared, 2013;Rezić et al, 2017) and lynx (Gomerčić et al, 2010;Dayan et al, 2017). Most of these studies include the mandible as the lower part of the facial skeleton.…”