Macroangiopathy and Associated Factors in Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Attending the Antidiabetic Center of Abidjan in Ivory Coast

Abstract

Diabetes constitutes a major public health concern, especially in developing countries, due to its frequency and severity related to the macroangiopathy complications. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetic outpatients attending the Antidiabetic Center of Abidjan (ADCA) and identifying the associated factors. It was a retrospective and analytic study that was conducted in 2014 at the ADCA. In total, 377 diabetic outpatients were included in the study. Patients had a mean age of 61.3 (SD: 8.9) years and were suffering diabetes for a mean duration of 11.8 years (SD: 5.6). In 95.5% of the cases, at least one cardiovascular disease risk factor was associated to diabetes. It was high level of cholesterol (37.1%), high level of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (72.4%), low level of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (20.9%), high level of triglycerides (10.3%), hypertension (67.4%), and obesity (18.8%). Macroangiopathy was diagnosed in 62 out of 377 patients, meaning 16.4%. It was a coronary disease (44/377 meaning 11.7%), vascular cerebral accident (11/377 meaning 2.9%) and peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (10/377 meaning 2.7%). Diabetic patients with hypertension were more likely to have a macroangiopathy as compared to those without hypertension (p = 0.024; OR2.57, IC = [1. 13-5.85]). In addition, patients presenting a low level of HDL cholesterol were likely to have a coronary heart disease as compared to those with a normal level of HDL cholesterol (p = 0.008); OR = 2.72, IC [1. 28-5.76]. With regard to the severity of macroangiopathy complications, it is tremendous to reinforce the medical management of cardiovascular disease risk factors in type 2 diabetes patients in Ivory Coast.