Macrococcus canis contains recombinogenic methicillin resistance elements and the mecB plasmid found in Staphylococcus aureus

Chanchaithong, Pattrarat; Perreten, Vincent; Schwendener, Sybille

doi:10.1093/jac/dkz260

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, a novel Macrococcus spp., namely Macrococcus canis, has been isolated from healthy dogs and from infection sites of dogs; some isolates exhibited a MDR pattern [26,27]. M. canis was found to have the ability to acquire AMR including methicillin resistance [28], but the potential contamination of the clinical environment with MR Macrococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Schmidt

Kuster

Nigg

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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Background: Intensive medical care in companion animal clinics could pose a risk for the selection and dissemination of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). Infection prevention and control (IPC) concepts are key measures to reduce the spread of MDROs, but data on IPC standards in companion animal clinics is sparse. The study assessed IPC standards in seven companion animal clinics and practices in Switzerland by structured IPC audits and combined results with environmental MDRO contamination and MDRO carriage of the personnel. Methods: IPC audits were held between August 2018 and January 2019. The observations in 34 IPC areas were scored based on predefined criteria (not fulfilled/partially fulfilled/fulfilled = score 0/1/2). Environmental swabs and nasal and stool samples from veterinary personnel were tested for methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci and for colistin-resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamaseand carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales (CPE). Species was identified by MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial resistance determined by microdilution and β-lactam resistance gene detection, and genetic relatedness assessed by REP−/ERIC-PCR and multilocus sequence typing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Schmidt

Kuster

Nigg

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…Methicillinresistant M. caseolyticus has also been isolated in the past, namely, strains of unknown mechanisms from bulk milk in the United States (14) and mecB-carrying strains from chicken sources in Japan, Thailand, and China (6,9). The recent reports of a mecBcontaining plasmid in S. aureus (15) that is highly similar to a plasmid detected in M. canis (16) McRI mecD -2 lacks a DR at the right end, and circular excision of the element was not observed (7). However, circular intermediates were detected for McRI mecD -3, which encodes an identical Int0473 enzyme but contains DRs at both sites, including the core att sites that are supposed to be recognized and recombined by the Int protein of McRI mecD (10) -3Δ, which probably also lost its potential for mobility, was found in two ST46 strains from England and Wales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle

Schwendener

Nigg

Collaud

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Macrococcus caseolyticus belongs to the normal bacterial flora of dairy cows and does not usually cause disease. However, methicillin-resistant M. caseolyticus strains were isolated from bovine mastitis milk. These bacteria had acquired a chromosomal island (McRImecD-1 or McRImecD-2) carrying the methicillin resistance gene mecD. To gain insight into the distribution of McRImecD types in M. caseolyticus from cattle, 33 mecD-containing strains from Switzerland were characterized using molecular techniques, including multilocus sequence typing, antibiotic resistance gene identification, and PCR-based McRImecD typing. In addition, the same genetic features were analyzed in 27 mecD-containing M. caseolyticus strains isolated from bovine bulk milk in England/Wales using publicly available whole-genome sequences. The 60 strains belonged to 24 different sequence types (STs), with strains belonging to ST5, ST6, ST21, and ST26 observed in both Switzerland and England/Wales. McRImecD-1 was found in different STs from Switzerland (n = 19) and England/Wales (n = 4). McRImecD-2 was only found in 7 strains from Switzerland, all of which belonged to ST6. A novel island, McRImecD-3, which contains a complete mecD operon (mecD-mecR1m-mecIm [where the subscript m indicates Macrococcus]) combined with the left part of McRImecD-2 and the right part of McRImecD-1, was found in heterogeneous STs from both collections (Switzerland, n = 7; England/Wales, n = 21). Two strains from England/Wales carried a truncated McRImecD-3. Phylogenetic analyses revealed no clustering of strains according to geographical origin or carriage of McRImecD-1 and McRImecD-3. Circular excisions were also detected for McRImecD-1 and McRImecD-3 by PCR. The analyses indicate that these islands are mobile and may spread by horizontal gene transfer between genetically diverse M. caseolyticus strains. IMPORTANCE Since its first description in 2017, the methicillin resistance gene mecD has been detected in M. caseolyticus strains from different cattle sources and countries. Our study provides new insights into the molecular diversity of mecD-carrying M. caseolyticus strains by using two approaches to characterize mecD elements: (i) multiplex PCR for molecular typing of McRImecD and (ii) read mapping against reference sequences to identify McRImecD types in silico. In combination with multilocus sequence typing, this approach can be used for molecular characterization and surveillance of M. caseolyticus carrying mecD.

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“…caseolyticus [ 5 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], M . canis [ 4 , 14 ] and Macrococcus goetzii [ 8 , 15 ]. To date, mecD has only been reported from M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mecB has been found to be encoded by various genetic elements in Macrococcus; different SCC mec elements [ 11 , 13 ], different plasmids [ 11 , 14 , 16 ] and different ΨSCC elements [ 8 , 14 ]. Importantly, there has been a single report of a human isolate of Staphylococcus aureus encoding mecB [ 17 ] on a plasmid almost identical to a M .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, there has been a single report of a human isolate of Staphylococcus aureus encoding mecB [ 17 ] on a plasmid almost identical to a M . canis plasmid also encoding mecB [ 14 ]. This raises the strong possibility of the exchange of methicillin resistance determinates between these two genera and highlights the need to better understand the epidemiology and genomics of mec genes among Macrococcus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus bohemicus Encoding a Divergent SCCmecB Element

Foster

Paterson

2020

Antibiotics

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A methicillin-resistant Macrococcus isolate from canine otitis, H889678/16/1, was whole-genome sequenced using HiSeq technology to identify the species, antimicrobial resistance determinates and their genomic context. H889678/16/1 belonged to the newly described species Macrococcus bohemicus. It encoded mecB within a novel SCCmec element most similar to that of Macrococcus canis KM45013T. This SCCmecH889678/16/1 element also encoded blaZm and fusC, but no other resistance determinates were found in the H889678/16/1 genome. The ccrA and ccrB recombinase genes within SCCmecH889678/16/1 were distinct from those previously described in staphylococci and macrococci and therefore designated here as ccrAm3 and ccrBm3. Our study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of mecB being encoded by M. bohemicus and of methicillin resistance in this species. Furthermore, the SCCmec described here is highly dissimilar to other such elements and encodes novel ccr genes. Our report demonstrates a wider distribution of mecB among Macrococcus species and expands the genomic context in which mecB may be found. The potential for dissemination of mec genes from Macrococcus to related but more pathogenic Staphylococcus species highlights the need to understand the epidemiology of these genes in macrococci.

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Macrococcus canis contains recombinogenic methicillin resistance elements and the mecB plasmid found in Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Poor infection prevention and control standards are associated with environmental contamination with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in Swiss companion animal clinics

Typing of mecD Islands in Genetically Diverse Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus caseolyticus Strains from Cattle

Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus bohemicus Encoding a Divergent SCCmecB Element

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