Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Argentinian pediatric patients suffering from acute otitis media

Reijtman, Vanesa; Gagetti, Paula; Faccone, Diego; Fossati, Sofía; Sommerfleck, Patricia Alejandra; Hernández, C; Bernáldez, Patricia Cristina; Lopardo, Horacio; Corso, Alejandra

doi:10.1016/s0325-7541(13)70034-8

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…49 As oppose to a study conducted in India, 31 our study showed that isolates of S aureus were relatively more susceptible to erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that was resistant to erythromycin, thus coinciding with previous studies from Argentina 24 and Thailand. 51 Erythromycin is one of the antibiotics of choice for upper respiratory infections, pneumonia, and OM in PLH and children 42 ; such resistance may impede management of the infections leading to severe invasive diseases including bacteraemia and meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…9,12,18 The most common OM pathogen, S pneumoniae , has been implicated as part of the current antibiotic resistance crisis. 23,24 Multidrug-resistant pathogens have also been isolated from patients with invasive infections, from immunosuppressed individuals, and from carriers. 25,26 Globalization (easy travel around the world) has further disseminated the antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms; hence, antimicrobial-resistant infections have become a global calamity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

Mwambete

Eulambius

2018

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of otitis media (OM)-associated bacterial flora of asymptomatic people living with HIV (PLH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and assess antibiotic resistance profiles of the bacteria. Methodology: Ear secretion specimens were collected by syringe or cotton swabs. Isolated bacteria were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Of 290 recruited PLH, 81.7% were females and 18.3% males; their CD4 þ counts ranged from 0 to 1770. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Escherichia coli were the predominant bacteria. High antibiotic resistance was detected on Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The prevalence rate of OM-associated bacteria (OAB) was 93.4%, and majority of the bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Linear association between the prevalence of OAB with both duration of ART and CD4 þ counts was observed. Conclusion: High prevalence rates of OAB and antibiotic resistance were observed. Negative correlation between CD4 þ counts and prevalence of OAB was revealed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

Mwambete

Eulambius

2018

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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“…The pattern of antibiotic resistance comprises disruption of the antibiotic passage into cells, which alters the target site of the antibiotic. The erm B gene is usually detected in enterococci strains recovered from clinical, environmental, and food sources and other Gram-positive cocci such as Staphylococcus aureus (Ding et al, 2012), Streptococcus pyogenes (Palmieri et al, 2012), or Streptococcus pneumoniae (Reijtman et al, 2013). Aside from the erm B gene, E. faecalis and E. faecium from food samples had a significant range of elements, which code for N -6 methyltransferase ( erm C; erm A) or those accountable for the enterococci efflux characteristics ( mef A/E; msr C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood

Igbinosa

Beshiru

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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Enterococcus species form an important population of commensal bacteria and have been reported to possess numerous virulence factors considered significantly important in exacerbating diseases caused by them. The present study was designed to characterize antibiotic-resistant and virulent enterococci from ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood. A total of 720 RTE shrimp samples comprising sauced shrimp ( n = 288), boiled shrimp ( n = 216), and smoked shrimp ( n = 216) obtained from open markets in Delta State, Nigeria, were assessed. Standard classical methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in identifying the Enterococcus species. Potential virulence factors (β-hemolysis, gelatinase activity, S-layer, and biofilm formation) were assessed using standard procedures. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the identified enterococci isolates was assayed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. PCR was further used to screen selected antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. Prevalence of Enterococcus species from shrimp varieties is as follows: sauced, 26 (9.03%); boiled, 6 (2.78%); and smoked, 27 (12.50%), with an overall prevalence of 59 (8.19%) based on the occurrence of black hallow colonies after incubation. Enterococcus species detected include E. faecalis , 17 (28.8%); E. faecium , 29 (49.2%); E. gallinarum , 6 (10.2%); E. casseliflavus , 2 (3.4%); E. hirae , 3 (5.1%); and E. durans , 2 (3.4%). Biofilm occurrence among the shrimp varieties is as follows: 19/26 (73.1%) for sauced shrimps, 5/6 (83.3%) for boiled shrimps, and 16/27 (59.3%) for smoked shrimps. The phenotypic expression of the enterococci virulence revealed the following: S-layer, 59 (100%); gelatinase production, 19 (32.2%); and β-hemolysis, 21 (35.6%). An average of 3–11 virulence genes were detected in the Enterococcus species. The resistance profile of Enterococcus species is as follows: erythromycin, 29 (49.2%); vancomycin, 22 (37.3%); and tetracycline, 27 (45.8%). The frequency of occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes from the phenotypic resistant enterococci isolates to the macrolide, glycopeptide, and tetracycline antibiotics is as follows: erm A, 13/29 (44.8%); van A, 14/22 (63.6%); tet A, 14/27 (51.9%); tet M, 15/27 (55.6%); erm B, 4/29 (13.8%); and van B, 5/22 (22.7%). Findings from this study reveal the antibiotic resistance of enterococci strains of such species as E. durans, E. casseliflavus, E. gallinarum , and E. hirae . This study further revealed that RTE food products are reservoirs of potential virul...

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“…[28][29][30] In Argentina, the frequency of macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates increased from 9% in the 1997 to 1998 period to 16% between 2000 and 2002 and currently seems to be approaching 20%. 31,32…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Latin America

Iannella

Luna

2016

Semin Respir Crit Care Med

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. Poverty, socioeconomic factors, and malnutrition influence the incidence and outcome of CAP in LAC. In LAC, is the most frequent microorganism responsible for CAP, (incidence: 24-78%); the incidence of atypical microorganisms is similar to other regions of the world. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a growing problem in the LAC region, with the Caribbean being the second most affected area worldwide after Sub-Saharan Africa. Pneumococcal pneumonia remains the most common cause of CAP in HIV-infected patients, but and tuberculosis (TB) are also common in this population. The heterogeneity of the health care systems and social inequity between different countries in LAC, and even between different settings inside the same country, is a difficult issue. TB, including multidrug-resistant TB, is several times more common in South American and Central American countries compared with North America. Furthermore, hantaviruses circulating in the Americas (new world hantaviruses) generate a severe respiratory disease called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, with an associated mortality as high as 50%. More than 30 hantaviruses have been reported in the Western Hemisphere, with more frequent cases registered in the southern cone (Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil). Respiratory viruses (particularly influenza) remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly. Low rates of vaccination (against influenza as well as pneumococcus) may heighten the risk of these infections in low- and middle-income countries.

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Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from Argentinian pediatric patients suffering from acute otitis media

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

High Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Otitis Media–Associated Bacterial Flora of Asymptomatic People Living with HIV at Morogoro Hospital, Tanzania

Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants, and Biofilm Formation of Enterococcus Species From Ready-to-Eat Seafood

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Latin America

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