Macromolecular crowding: Macromolecules friend or foe

Mittal, Shruti; Chowhan, Rimpy Kaur; Singh, Laishram Rajendrakumar

doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.05.002

Cited by 95 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…Although most of the published studies have focused on the positive aspects of MMC, undesirable effects also exist such as protein destabilization and aggregate formation as recently reviewed [41]. Our current results demonstrate both positive and inhibitory effects of MMC on ASC behavior in culture from the viewpoint of expanding cells to reach therapeutically relevant numbers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Patrikoski

Lee

Mäkinen

et al. 2017

Stem Cells International

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Microenvironment plays an important role for stem cell proliferation and diﬀerentiation. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) was recently shown to assist stem cells in forming their own matrix microenvironment in vitro. The ability of MMC to support adipose stem cell (ASC) proliferation, metabolism, and multilineage diﬀerentiation was studied under diﬀerent conditions: fetal bovine serum- (FBS-) and human serum- (HS-) based media and xeno- and serum-free (XF/SF) media. Furthermore, the immunophenotype of ASCs under MMC was evaluated. The proliferative capacity of ASCs under MMC was attenuated in each condition. However, osteogenic diﬀerentiation was enhanced under MMC, shown by increased deposition of mineralized matrix in FBS and HS cultures. Likewise, signiﬁcantly greater lipid droplet accumulation and increased collagen IV deposition indicated enhanced adipogenesis under MMC in FBS and HS cultures. In contrast, chondrogenic diﬀerentiation was attenuated in ASCs expanded under MMC. The ASC immunophenotype was maintained under MMC with signiﬁcantly higher expression of CD54. However, MMC impaired metabolic activity and diﬀerentiation capacity of ASCs in XF/SF conditions. Both the supportive and inhibitory eﬀects of MMC on ASC are culture condition dependent. In the presence of serum, MMC maintains ASC immunophenotype and enhances adipogenic and osteogenic diﬀerentiation at the cost of reduced proliferation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Patrikoski

Lee

Mäkinen

et al. 2017

Stem Cells International

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“…Decades of laboratory in vitro studies have promulgated the view of the cellular interior as a place proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids and other molecules exist as highly purified entities that act in isolation, diffusing more or less freely until they find their cognate binding partner. In its natural milieu however, a molecule lives and operates in an extremely structured, complex and confining environment: one where it is surrounded by other molecules of the same or different chemical nature, the bystanders in the crowd having positive or negative effects on its mobility, biochemistry and cell biology [81], [82]. Widening the spatial and temporal horizon, semiochemicals diffusing through soil, water, and air mediate the complex ways crops, livestock, and microbes interact with one another.…”

Section: B Biological Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inscribed Matter Communication: Part I

Rose

Mian

2016

IEEE Trans. Mol. Biol. Multi-Scale Commun.

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We provide a fundamental treatment of the molecular communication channel wherein "inscribed matter" is transmitted across a spatial gap to provide reliable signaling between a sender and receiver. Inscribed matter is defined as an ensemble of "tokens" (molecules, objects, and so on) and is inspired, at least partially, by biological systems where groups of individually constructed discrete particles ranging from molecules through membrane-bound structures containing molecules to viruses and organisms are released by a source and travel to a target -- for example, morphogens or semiochemicals diffuse from one cell, tissue or organism diffuse to another. For identical tokens that are neither lost nor modified, we consider messages encoded using three candidate communication schemes: a) token timing (timed release), b) token payload (composition), and c) token timing plus payload. We provide capacity bounds for each scheme and discuss their relative utility. We find that under not unreasonable assumptions, megabit per second rates could be supported at femtoWatt transmitter powers. Since quantities such as token concentration or bin-counting are derivatives of token arrival timing, individual token timing undergirds all molecular communication techniques. Thus, our modeling and results about the physics of efficient token-based information transfer can inform investigations of diverse theoretical and practical problems in engineering and biology. This work, Part I, focuses on the information theoretic bounds on capacity. Part II develops some of the mathematical and information-theoretic ideas that support the bounds presented here.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, 1 Table in revision at IEEE Journal on Molecular, Biological and Multiscale Communicatio

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“…However, possible deleterious effects of high concentration of glucose and consequent crowding on SHBG are not discarded. This observation is influenced by previous work carried out with macromolecular aggregates composed by Dextran 70 and anionic protein lysate from E.Coli [68]. This issue could be assessed by considering glucose concentrations from the normal to diabetic range.…”

Section: Further Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous solution interactions with sex hormone-binding globulin and estradiol: a theoretical investigation

Silva

Santos

2018

J Biol Phys

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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a binding protein that regulates the availability of steroid hormones in the plasma. Although best known as a steroid carrier, recent studies have associated SHBG in modulating behavioral aspects related to sexual receptivity. Among steroids, estradiol (17β-estradiol, oestradiol or E2), documented as the most active endogenous female hormone, exerts important physiological roles in both reproductive and non-reproductive functions. In this framework, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) and docking techniques for quantifying the interaction energy between a complex aqueous solution, composed by different salts, SHBG and E2. As glucose concentration resembles measured levels in diabetes, special emphasis was devoted to analyzing the interaction energy between this carbohydrate, SHBG and E2 molecules. The calculations revealed remarkable interaction energy between glucose and SHBG surface. Surprisingly, a movement of solute components toward SHBG was observed, yielding clusters surrounding the protein. The high energy and short distance between glucose and SHBG suggests a possible scenario in favor of a detainment state between the sugar and the protein. In this context, we found that glucose clustering does not insert modification on binding site area nor over binding energy SHBG-E2 complex, in spite of protein superficial area increment. The calculations also point to a more pronounced interaction between E2 and glucose, considering the hormone immersed in the solution. In summary, our findings contribute to a better comprehension of both SHBG and E2 interplay with aqueous solution components.

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Macromolecular crowding: Macromolecules friend or foe

Cited by 95 publications

References 122 publications

Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Effects of Macromolecular Crowding on Human Adipose Stem Cell Culture in Fetal Bovine Serum, Human Serum, and Defined Xeno-Free/Serum-Free Conditions

Inscribed Matter Communication: Part I

Aqueous solution interactions with sex hormone-binding globulin and estradiol: a theoretical investigation

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