Macronutrient Distribution and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Ruiz, Emma; Ávila, J. M.; Valero, Teresa; Calle, Susana del Pozo de la; Rodríguez, Pablo; Aranceta-Bartrina, Javier; Gil, Ángel; González‐Gross, Marcela; Ortega, Rosa M.; Serra-Majem, Lluís; Varela‐Moreiras, Gregorio

doi:10.3390/nu8030177

Cited by 84 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Seasonality in the consumption of beverages is very important, thus, the fieldwork was performed from September to November as a period in which beverage consumption is usually more stable (18). Total energy intake (14) and macronutrients distribution for the other foods groups (19) was already shown in previous publications.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Macronutrients contribution from beverages according to sex and age: findings from the ANIBES Study in Spain

Ruiz-Moreno¹,

Rodríguez-Alonso²,

Ávila-Torres³

et al. 2016

Nutr Hosp

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Methodologies and procedures used in dietary surveys have been widely developed with the aim of evaluating the nutritional status of a population. However, beverages are often either disregarded at national and international assessment of nutrients intake or poorly mentioned. Moreover, there is no standardized questionnaire developed as a research tool for the evaluation of beverages intake in the general population. Moreover, the contribution of different beverages to macronutrients intake is rarely provided. The latter in the context of a continuous expansion and innovation of the beverages market in Spain. Therefore, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages macronutrients contribution in the ANIBES study in Spain (9-75 years old). As expected, those contributed to dietary macronutrient intake mainly as total carbohydrates and sugar. The contribution to other macronutrients (proteins and lipids) by the beverage groups was of much less importance. For non-alcoholic beverages, contribution to carbohydrates was much higher in younger populations (children: 10.91 ± 9.49%, mean ± SD for boys and 9.46 ± 8.83% for girls; adolescents: 11.97 ± 11.26% for men and 13.77 ± 10.55% in women) than in adults: 9.01 ± 9.84% for men and 7.77 ± 8.73% in women. Finally, a much lower contribution was observed in the elderly: 4.22 ± 6.10% for men and 4.46 ± 6.56% for women. No sex differences, however, across all age groups were found. Results for sugar contribution showed a similar trend: children (23.14 ± 19.00% for boys and 19.77 ± 17.35% for girls); adolescents (28.13 ± 24.17% for men and 29.83 ± 21.82% in women); adults 20.42 ± 20.35% for men and 16.95 ± 17.76% in women, p ≤ 0.01; and elderly: 14.63% ± 9.97 for men and 9.33 ± 12.86% in women. The main contribution corresponded to sugared soft drinks, juices and nectars, more relevant and signifi cant in the younger populations. As for alcoholic beverages, the contribution of macronutrients to the total diet is low for carbohydrates and sugar. The main contribution of this group, as expected, is alcohol, being higher from low alcohol content beverages, and in men vs women (p ≤ 0.001).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Macronutrients contribution from beverages according to sex and age: findings from the ANIBES Study in Spain

Ruiz-Moreno¹,

Rodríguez-Alonso²,

Ávila-Torres³

et al. 2016

Nutr Hosp

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“…The latest Spanish data on infants and young children are described in the ENALIA, ALSALMA and ANIBES studies. In all cases, the reported protein intake was also higher than the available recommendations [24,52,53].…”

Section: Nutrient Profile and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Similarly, in the ANIBES study, the total fat intake was higher (37.9%) than the EFSA recommendations [53]. Moreover, a systematic review conducted by Wanden-Berghe et al, in 2015 in Spanish population 5 to 81 years old, found that the mean energy contribution from macronutrients was 18% protein, 44% carbohydrates and 38% fat.…”

Section: Nutrient Profile and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

Madrigal

Soto-Méndez²,

Hernández‐Ruiz³

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The present study aimed to assess energy intake, nutrient profile and food sources in Spanish children participating in the EsNuPI (“Estudio Nutricional en Población Infantil Española”) study. Plausibility of energy intake and adequacy of nutrient intakes to international recommendations were analyzed in a final sample of 1448 subjects (728 boys and 720 girls) and one group representative of the 1 to <10 years old urban Spanish children (reference sample (n = 707)) who consumed milk and one of the same age who consumed adapted milk over the last year (adapted milk consumers sample (n = 741)) were compared. Both groups completed data of a face-to-face and a telephone 24-h dietary recalls. Both the reference and the adapted milk consumers samples reported an adequate daily energy intake (1503 kcal/day and 1404 kcal/day); and a high contribution to total energy from protein (16.5% and 15.6%) and fat (36.5% and 35.9%). Also, a high percentage of children from both samples were below the lower limit of the recommendations for carbohydrates (47.8% and 39.3%). As the percentage of plausible energy reporters was high for both groups (84.7% and 83.5%, respectively), data for the whole sample were analyzed. Milk and dairy, cereals, meat and derived products, fats and oils, bakery and pastry, fruits and vegetables contributed to about 80% of the total energy intake in both groups. However, the reference sample reported significantly more contribution to energy from cereals, meat and meat products, bakery and pastry and ready to cook/eat foods; meanwhile, the adapted milk consumers sample reported significantly more energy from milk and dairy products, fruits and eggs. Those results suggest that adapted milk consumers have better adherence to the food-based dietary guidelines. Further analyses are warranted to characterize food patterns and the quality of the diet in the EsNuPI study population.

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“…The Spanish adult population consumes a mean of 246 ml/day of sugar-sweetened beverages, including soft drinks, fruit juices and fruit drinks. 7 This consumption is higher among adolescents, among whom it rises to 450 ml/day 8 and provides more than 6% of their total caloric intake, 9 thereby contributing to the high prevalence obesity in Spain. 10 In 2016, the Minister of Inland Revenue therefore announced the establishment of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in Spain, but the Government withdrew the proposal in the face of pressure from the soft drink industry and sugar beet sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Support for the Imposition of a Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and the Determinants of Such Support in Spain

Sf¹,

Fernández-Escobar²,

Royo-Bordonada³

2020

Preprint

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Background Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages are an effective public health intervention, but can be difficult to implement in absence of public support. This is the first study to analyse the Spanish population’s support for a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the Spanish adult population (n=1002), using a computer aided telephone interview with a questionnaire on nutritional policies. We then performed a descriptive analysis of support for the tax. The sociodemographic determinants of support for the tax were analysed using Chi-squared test (χ2) and Poisson multiple regression models.Results A total of 66.9% of participants supported the introduction of a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages: this figure lies midway between the figure of 64.1% when responders were asked about the tax before being asked about subsidies and tax relief, and that of 70% when they were asked about the tax after being asked about subsidies and tax relief ( p =0.049). Support for the tax was respectively 16% and 35% lower among persons reporting centre and right-wing political affiliations than among those who professed left-wing ideological sympathies ( p <0.01), and 16% lower among regular consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages than among non-consumers of these drinks ( p =0.01).Conclusions A clear majority of the Spanish population is in favour of imposing a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. Awareness-raising campaigns and a policy of combining the measure with subsidies or tax cuts on healthy foods could increase the level of support among those currently against the intervention.

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Macronutrient Distribution and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Cited by 84 publications

References 44 publications

Macronutrients contribution from beverages according to sex and age: findings from the ANIBES Study in Spain

Macronutrients contribution from beverages according to sex and age: findings from the ANIBES Study in Spain

Energy Intake, Macronutrient Profile and Food Sources of Spanish Children Aged One to <10 Years—Results from the EsNuPI Study †

Public Support for the Imposition of a Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and the Determinants of Such Support in Spain

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