Macrophage and microglia ontogeny in the mouse visual system can be traced by the expression of <i>Cathepsins B</i> and <i>D</i>

Bejarano-Escobar, Ruth; Holguín-Arévalo, María S.; Montero, Juan A.; Francisco-Morcillo, Javier; Martı́n-Partido, Gervasio

doi:10.1002/dvdy.22673

Cited by 18 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Notice that presumptive retinal pigment epithelium (pRPE) was also faintly stained with SA-β-GAL ( Figure 1A,C,E,G). 51 Using immunohistochemical techniques against cathepsin-D (CatD), an enzyme that identifies the distribution of lysosomes in the vertebrate developing retina, 19,20 we found that the SA-β-GAL histochemical staining pattern correlates strongly in the presence of lysosomes in the NbL of the central retina ( Figure 1I-K). 51 Using immunohistochemical techniques against cathepsin-D (CatD), an enzyme that identifies the distribution of lysosomes in the vertebrate developing retina, 19,20 we found that the SA-β-GAL histochemical staining pattern correlates strongly in the presence of lysosomes in the NbL of the central retina ( Figure 1I-K).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina

Mera-Rodríguez

Álvarez-Hernán

Gañán

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-GAL) histochemistry is the most commonly used biomarker of cellular senescence. These SA-β-GALpositive cells are senescent embryonic cells that are usually removed by apoptosis from the embryo, followed by macrophage-mediated clearance. Results: Some authors have proposed that SA-β-GAL activity in differentiated neurons from young and adult mammals cannot be uniquely attributed to cell senescence, whether in vivo or in vitro. Using the developing visual system of the chicken as a model, the present study found that SA-β-GAL detected in the developing retina corresponded to lysosomal β-galactosidase activity, and that SAβ-GAL activity did not correlate with the chronotopographical distribution of apoptotic cells. However, SA-β-GAL staining in the undifferentiated retina coincided with the appearance of early differentiating neurons. In the laminated retina, SAβ-GAL staining was concentrated in the ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cell layers. The photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells also exhibited SA-β-GAL activity throughout retinal development. We have also found that SA-β-GAL staining strongly correlated p21 immunoreactivity. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results clearly show that SA-β-GAL activity cannot be regarded as a specific marker of senescence during retinal development, and that it is mainly expressed in subpopulations of postmitotic neurons, which are nonproliferative cells, even at early stages of cell differentiation. K E Y W O R D Sapoptosis, cell differentiation, chicken embryo, retina, senescence, senescence-associated β-galactosidase

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina

Mera-Rodríguez

Álvarez-Hernán

Gañán

et al. 2019

Developmental Dynamics

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“…They progressively invaded the ONL and were found near the nuclei of degenerating photoreceptors, suggesting that they were phagocyting cell debris released during photoreceptor degeneration. Macrophages and microglial cells are highly phagocytic and participate in the removal of cell debris during development of the visual system (Hume et al, 1983;Martín-Partido and Navascués, 1990;Egensperger et al, 1996;Moujahid et al, 1996;Rodríguez-Gallardo et al, 2005;Santos et al, 2008;Bejarano-Escobar et al, 2011). Furthermore, retinal microglia are activated in response to nearly all pathological stages of the retina (Langmann, 2007), with microglial cells migrating to the layers affected by degeneration.…”

Section: Microglia In the Experimental Tench Retinal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, retinal microglia are activated in response to nearly all pathological stages of the retina (Langmann, 2007), with microglial cells migrating to the layers affected by degeneration. Thus, the adult ONL which is normally devoid of microglial cells Santos et al, 2008;Bejarano-Escobar et al, 2011), is colonized by these cells in conditions of photoreceptor degeneration during normal development (Bejarano-Escobar et al, 2011) or under pathological or experimental conditions (Roque et al, 1996;Ng and Streilein, 2001;Harada et al, 2002;Hughes et al, 2003;Zeiss and Johnson, 2004;Zeng et al, 2005;Bailey et al, 2010;Santos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Microglia In the Experimental Tench Retinal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Light-induced degeneration and microglial response in the retina of an epibenthonic pigmented teleost: age-dependent photoreceptor susceptibility to cell death

Bejarano-Escobar

Blasco²,

Martı́n-Partido

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYConstant intense light causes apoptosis of photoreceptors in the retina of albino fish. However, very few studies have been performed on pigmented species. Tench (Tinca tinca) is a teleost inhabiting dimly lit environments that has a predominance of rods within the photoreceptor layer. To test the hypothesis that constant high intensity light can result in retinal damage in such pigmented epibenthonic teleost species, photodegeneration of the retina was investigated in the larvae and in juveniles of tench to assess whether any damage may also be dependent on fish age. We exposed both groups of animals to 5days of constant darkness, followed by 4days of constant 20,000lx light, and then by 6days of recovery in a 14h light:10h dark cycle. The results showed that the retina of the larvae group exhibited abundant photoreceptor cell apoptosis during the time of exposition to intense light, whereas that of juveniles was indifferent to it. Damaged retinas showed a strong TUNEL signal in photoreceptor nuclei, and occasionally a weak cytoplasmic TUNEL signal in Müller glia. Specific labelling of microglial cells with Griffonia simplicifolia lectin (GSL) histochemistry revealed that photoreceptor cell death alerts microglia in the degenerating retina, leading to local proliferation, migration towards the injured outer nuclear layer (ONL), and enhanced phagocytosis of photoreceptor debris. During the first days of intense light treatment, Müller cells phagocytosed dead photoreceptor cells but, once microglial cells became activated, there was a progressive increase in the phagocytic capacity of the microglia.

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“…Recent studies conducted in our laboratory confirmed the presence of the LIM-domain transcription factor Isl1 in differentiating and mature ganglion, amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells in the retina of mammals [54], birds [18], reptiles [12], and fish [9–11]. In the present study, we extend our observations to the retina of the anuran Xenopus laevis , an amphibian model extensively used in studies of retinal cell organization [44, 55–57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Surprisingly, strong SV2 immunoreactivity was also found in the scleralmost part of the neuroepithelium, suggesting that differentiating cells were also located in this region (Figure 4(c)). Therefore, we used a polyclonal antibody against bovine rod opsin (CERN-922) that has been described as an excellent photoreceptor marker in fish [9–11, 50–53], reptiles (unpublished observations), birds (unpublished observations), and mammals [54]. A similar antibody has been previously used to identify rod photoreceptors in the developing X. laevis retina [45].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Islet‐1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Retina of Xenopus laevis

Álvarez-Hernán

Bejarano-Escobar

Morona

et al. 2013

The Scientific World Journal

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The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) has been widely used as a marker of neuronal differentiation in the developing visual system of different classes of vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. In the present study, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of Isl1-immunoreactive cells during Xenopus laevis retinal development and its relation to the formation of the retinal layers, and in combination with different markers of cell differentiation. The earliest Isl1 expression appeared at St29-30 in the cell nuclei of sparse differentiating neuroblasts located in the vitreal surface of the undifferentiated retina. At St35-36, abundant Isl1-positive cells accumulated at the vitreal surface of the neuroepithelium. As development proceeded and through the postmetamorphic juveniles, Isl1 expression was identified in subpopulations of ganglion cells and in subsets of amacrine, bipolar, and horizontal cells. These data together suggest a possible role for Isl1 in the early differentiation and maintenance of different retinal cell types, and Isl1 can serve as a specific molecular marker for the study of retinal cell specification in X. laevis.

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Macrophage and microglia ontogeny in the mouse visual system can be traced by the expression of Cathepsins B and D

Cited by 18 publications

References 108 publications

Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina

Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity in the developing avian retina

Light-induced degeneration and microglial response in the retina of an epibenthonic pigmented teleost: age-dependent photoreceptor susceptibility to cell death

Islet‐1 Immunoreactivity in the Developing Retina of Xenopus laevis

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