2008
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.06.016
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Macrophage and TGF-β immunohistochemical expression in Jorge Lobo's disease

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Cited by 30 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…The early lesions have been described as wart-like, and as the disease progresses they become more keloidal in appearance [Lupi et al 2005]. The lesions may remain localized, or they can be disseminated by the lymphatics to several areas of the body [Lupi et al 2005;Xavier et al 2008]. Superinfection can occur in ulcerated lesions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The early lesions have been described as wart-like, and as the disease progresses they become more keloidal in appearance [Lupi et al 2005]. The lesions may remain localized, or they can be disseminated by the lymphatics to several areas of the body [Lupi et al 2005;Xavier et al 2008]. Superinfection can occur in ulcerated lesions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also been found in high quantities in other acute and chronic disease processes, such as chronic hepatitis, leprosy, and yellow fever [Xavier et al 2008]. The high expression of TGF-b causing macrophage suppression may in part be responsible for the difficult clearance of the disease once it infiltrates the skin [Xavier et al 2008].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…31 In humans, the slow incubation period and development of lesions may be attributed to the suppression of macrophagic activity through the cytokine TGFβ that inhibits nitric oxide and γ-interferon expression, impacting cell mediated immunity, leading to an antigen-specific cell mediated immune deficiency and inducing fibrosis. 32,33 Langerhan's cells may be implicated in modulating the local immune system to evade antigen presentation by those cells. 33 However, neutrophil function and complement system activity are normal as L. loboi may activate the alternative pathway of the complement system.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Vilani-Moreno et al [6] characterized the inflammatory infiltrate in lacaziosis lesions and showed a predominance of macrophages followed by, in decreasing order of frequency, CD3 + , CD4 + , and CD8 + T cells; CD57 + natural killer cells; CD79 + plasma cells; and CD20 + B lymphocytes. Xavier et al [7] characterized the presence of CD68 cells and intense staining for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) that is a strong inhibitor of the microbicidal activity of macrophages and induces fibrosis in keloid-like lesions [8]. The pathogenesis of the disease has been investigated in cases of lesions limited and localized in different regions of the body.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%