Macrophage heterogeneity and acute inflammation

Abstract

In this Viewpoint, we concentrate on the aspects of macrophage biology that we believe are fundamental for an appropriate contextual understanding of macrophage function during acute inflammation. These are the different origins of macrophage populations (and the implications of this for the renewal of these populations in the adult); and the impact of specific homeostatic or disease‐associated microenvironments upon cellular heterogeneity, activation and effector functions.

The quinoline-3-carboxamide paquinimod (ABR-215757) reduces leukocyte recruitment during sterile inflammation: Leukocyte- and context-specific effects

“…Monocyte-derived macrophages are known to emigrate from the peritoneum during the resolution phase of acute inflammation. This involves macrophage interaction with mesothelial cells followed by emigration via efferent lymphatics [53][54][55]. Also eosinophils may emigrate from the peritoneum [56].…”

Diversity and plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes

“…The population dynamics of acute inflammatory macrophages in the peritoneal cavity during resolution is complex [14]. A recent study [15] has revisited local turnover rather than monocyte recruitment as a mechanism sustaining phagocyte populations at specific sites (Langerhans cells) or in selected populations such as alternatively activated macrophages.…”

PGE2 Induces Macrophage IL-10 Production and a Regulatory-like Phenotype via a Protein Kinase A–SIK–CRTC3 Pathway

“…The ability of macrophages to undertake very different functions has led to the concept of macrophage polarization, whereby in response to a specific set of signals, distinct phenotypes can be induced in macrophages to allow them to undertake their required functions (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). In vivo, macrophage polarization is likely to be very plastic and macrophages can assume a wide spectrum of phenotypes.…”