Macrophage polarization in nerve injury: do Schwann cells play a role?

Stratton, Jo Anne; Shah, Prajay

doi:10.4103/1673-5374.175042

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our studies, however, did not show any apparent expression of HSP47 and αβP4H in the macrophages participating in nerve repair. Although macrophages may produce collagen VI in response to nerve injury, this production depends on their activation status and differentiation stage (Chen, Cescon, Megighian, & Bonaldo, ; Schnoor et al., ; Stratton & Shah, ). Thus, the absence of HSP47 and αβP4H in these cells indicates that the expression of collagen VI in macrophages is, most likely, not active at the 1‐week and 2‐week post‐injury time points selected in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of production of collagen‐rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAlthough collagen‐rich deposits are the main component of neural scars, the patterns of their formation are ill defined. Essential to the biosynthesis of collagen fibrils are enzymes catalyzing posttranslational modifications and chaperones that control the formation of the collagen triple helix. Prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase (P4H) and heat shock protein‐47 (HSP47) play a key role, and their production is upregulated during scar formation in human tissues. Alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) is also produced during fibrotic processes in myofibroblasts that participate in fibrotic response. In injured peripheral nerves, however, the distribution of cells that produce these markers is poorly understood.MethodsThe goal of this study was to determine the distribution of the αSMA‐positive, HSP47‐positive, and the P4H‐positive cells to better understand the formation of collagen‐rich fibrotic tissue (FT) in response to peripheral nerve injury. To reach this goal, we employed a rabbit model of crush‐injury and partial‐transection injury of the sciatic nerves.ResultsOur study demonstrated that αSMA is expressed in a relatively small number of cells seen in neural FT. In contrast, cells producing P4H and HSP47 are ubiquitously present in sites of injury of the sciatic nerves.ConclusionWe contemplate that these proteins may serve as valuable markers that define fibrotic activities in the injured peripheral nerves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of production of collagen‐rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Denervated adult Schwann cells have also been shown to express de novo molecular markers that are low/absent during development, including Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Olig1 (Lu et al, ; Bosse et al, ; Arthur‐Farraj et al, ; Fontana et al, ; Lin, Oksuz, Edward Hurley, Wrabetz, & Awatramani, ; reviewed in Jessen & Mirsky, ). Again in contrast to developing cells, denervated cells express high levels of cytokines, recruit macrophages, and activate myelin autophagy to clear myelin (Gomez‐Sanchez et al, ; reviewed in Martini, Fischer, López‐Vales, & David, ; Rotshenker, ; Stratton & Shah, ), Denervated adult cells also adopt a striking elongated and often branched morphology, which is very different from that of Schwann cells in developing nerves, and which enables them to form regeneration tracks, which guide regrowing axons (Gomez‐Sanchez et al, ).…”

Section: Introduction: the Changing View On The Schwann Cell Injury Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair Schwann cell update: Adaptive reprogramming, EMT, and stemness in regenerating nerves

Jessen

Arthur‐Farraj

2019

Glia

265

260

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Schwann cells respond to nerve injury by cellular reprogramming that generates cells specialized for promoting regeneration and repair. These repair cells clear redundant myelin, attract macrophages, support survival of damaged neurons, encourage axonal growth, and guide axons back to their targets. There are interesting parallels between this response and that found in other tissues. At the cellular level, many other tissues also react to injury by cellular reprogramming, generating cells specialized to promote tissue homeostasis and repair. And at the molecular level, a common feature possessed by Schwann cells and many other cells is the injury‐induced activation of genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transitions and stemness, differentiation states that are linked to cellular plasticity and that help injury‐induced tissue remodeling. The number of signaling systems regulating Schwann cell plasticity is rapidly increasing. Importantly, this includes mechanisms that are crucial for the generation of functional repair Schwann cells and nerve regeneration, although they have no or a minor role elsewhere in the Schwann cell lineage. This encourages the view that selective tools can be developed to control these particular cells, amplify their repair supportive functions and prevent their deterioration. In this review, we discuss the emerging similarities between the injury response seen in nerves and in other tissues and survey the transcription factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and signaling cascades that control repair Schwann cells, with emphasis on systems that selectively regulate the Schwann cell injury response.

show abstract

“…In vitro data suggest that Schwann cells may induce M2-phenotype in macrophages, which supports efficient repair of the peripheral nerves [125, 126]. The same phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages is correlated with worse clinical prognosis in malignancies [127].…”

Section: Schwann Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann cells: a new player in the tumor microenvironment

Bunimovich

Keskinov

Shurin

2016

Cancer Immunol Immunother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cancerous cells must cooperate with the surrounding stroma and non-malignant cells within the microenvironment to support the growth and invasion of the tumor. The nervous system is a component of every organ system of the body, and therefore, is invariably at the front line of the tumor invasion. Due to the complexity of the nervous system physiology, this review separately discusses the contributions of the central and peripheral nervous systems to the tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We further focus the discussion on the evidence that Schwann cells aid in tumor growth and invasion. Schwann cells, a largely unexplored element of the tumor microenvironment, may participate in the creation of tumor-favorable conditions through both bi-directional interaction with cancer cells and the facilitation of the immune-suppressive microenvironment through the mechanism of neural repair and immunomodulation.

show abstract

Macrophage polarization in nerve injury: do Schwann cells play a role?

Cited by 71 publications

References 41 publications

Patterns of production of collagen‐rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model

Patterns of production of collagen‐rich deposits in peripheral nerves in response to injury: A pilot study in a rabbit model

Repair Schwann cell update: Adaptive reprogramming, EMT, and stemness in regenerating nerves

Schwann cells: a new player in the tumor microenvironment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About