Macrophages in skin injury and repair

Delavary, Babak Mahdavian; Veer, Willem M. van der; Egmond, Marjolein van; Niessen, Frank B.; Beelen, Robert H.J.

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2011.01.001

Cited by 685 publications

(493 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…[7,8] Although recent research has elucidated many factors and details that contribute to scar formation, [6,[9][10][11] www.advancedsciencenews.com www.advhealthmat.de factor (PDGF), TGF-β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF)). [29,30] Thus, macrophages may either induce tissue destruction (M1) or initiate regeneration (M2). [31,32] Lohmann et al reported that capturing proinflammatory cytokines could improve wound healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro‐Regenerative Hydrogel Restores Scarless Skin during Cutaneous Wound Healing

Sun

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The transformation of fibrotic healing process to regenerative one has great potential to fully restore wounded skin. The M2 macrophage phenotype promotes constructive tissue remodeling and instructs tissue repair in a regenerative manner. It is hypothesized that hydrogels that can establish robustness of endogenous cells to regulate M2 phenotype will promote constructive dermal remodeling. Toward this end, a series of dextran‐based bioabsorbable hydrogels are developed and self‐crosslinkable dextran‐isocyanatoethyl methacrylate‐ethylamine (DexIEME) is identified as the potential scaffold. The initial screening study revealed that DexIEME has superior biocompatibility in varying concentrations. Although DexIEME brings about low proinflammatory responses, it promotes M2 macrophage phenotype. Then the optimized hydrogel formulation is tested for acute skin injuries using both murine and porcine models. Preliminary data demonstrated that the innovative DexIEME hydrogel promotes complete skin regeneration with hair regrowth on pre‐existing scars, while untreated scars remain intact. Preclinical studies further demonstrated that the DexIEME hydrogel regenerated perfect skin during deep porcine wound healing. Overall, the approach to investigate immune‐modulated hydrogels yields pro‐regenerative DexIEME hydrogel, which may lead to greater clinical success in treating deep dermal injury and attenuating scar formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro‐Regenerative Hydrogel Restores Scarless Skin during Cutaneous Wound Healing

Sun

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…Skin structures are not to scale for simplification. Image from Servier Medical Art freeware image bank reconstruction of lost cutaneous tissue [110,178]. The healing of an acute wound proceeds in a sequence of overlapping and well-orchestrated events throughout different phases of haemostasis, inflammation, migration, proliferation and maturation.…”

Section: Wound Healing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor-a (TGFa), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plateletderived growth factor (PDGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF)) responsible for attracting inflammatory and vascular cells to the wound site [61,110,113]. In the inflammatory phase, neutrophils, monocytes (that differentiate into macrophages), lymphocytes and mesenchymal cells (that differentiate into fibroblasts) play a key role not only in the elimination of microbes and foreign particles, cellular debris and clearance of apoptotic cells, but also in the stimulation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells [61,110,113]. Subsequently, the healing process continues with the formation of a scab and the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells.…”

Section: Wound Healing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the healing process continues with the formation of a scab and the migration and proliferation of epithelial cells. Keratinocytes, located at the wound periphery, are stimulated to migrate and proliferate into the lesion site to promote re-epithelialization by the synthesis of new epidermis [110]. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells are also recruited to initiate the synthesis of ECM components, the formation of a granulation tissue, and the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones [51,61,178].…”

Section: Wound Healing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibroblasts and endothelial cells are also recruited to initiate the synthesis of ECM components, the formation of a granulation tissue, and the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones [51,61,178]. Some of the fibroblasts located within the granulation tissue are converted into myofibroblasts, which are involved in wound contraction and re-epithelialization [51,110,113]. At the final stage, wound healing involves a long maturation phase, in which the wound edges move towards the centre (wound contraction), and the new tissue is continuously remodelled in order to approximate its properties to those of the native skin.…”

Section: Wound Healing Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in bioprinted cell-laden hydrogels for skin tissue engineering

et al. 2017

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Bioprinting technologies are powerful additive biofabrication techniques to produce cellular constructs for skin tissue engineering owing to their unique ability to precisely pattern living and non-living materials in predefined spatial locations. This unique feature, combined with the computer controlled printing and medical imaging techniques, enable researchers and clinicians to generate patient specific constructs partly replicating the intricate compositional and architectural organization of the skin. Bioprinting has been used to automatically dispense hydrogels with skin cells located in prescribed sites that promote skin formation in vitro and in vivo. Current skin bioprinting approaches mostly rely on the sequential printing of fibroblasts and keratinocytes embedded within a homogeneous hydrogel. Although such approaches have already been translated to pre-clinical scenarios, they still present limitations in terms of fully replicating the cellular and extracellular matrix (ECM) heterogeneity in native skin. The success of bioprinting for skin repair strongly depends on the design of printable bioinks capable of supporting the function of printed cells and stimulating the production of new ECM components. To better mimic the human skin, novel developments in dedicated bioprinting technologies, in the design of bioinks, as well as in the printing of vascularised constructs are necessary. This paper presents an overview regarding the use of bioprinting for skin tissue engineering applications. The operating principles of bioprinting technologies are outlined along with requirements of printed skin constructs. Finally, preclinical results are summarized and future perspectives for the field are highlighted.

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Physiology of Wound Healing

Theoret¹

2016

Equine Wound Management

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Macrophages in skin injury and repair

Cited by 685 publications

References 83 publications

Pro‐Regenerative Hydrogel Restores Scarless Skin during Cutaneous Wound Healing

Pro‐Regenerative Hydrogel Restores Scarless Skin during Cutaneous Wound Healing

Advances in bioprinted cell-laden hydrogels for skin tissue engineering

Physiology of Wound Healing

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