Macrophomina phaseolina: The Most Destructive Soybean Fungal Pathogen of Global Concern

Abstract

VibhaCharcoal rot caused by the fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, have emerged as serious concern for cultivation of soybean under climate change scenario worldwide. Macrophomina phaseolina causes huge annual losses to the crop and can survives in the soil mainly as microsclerotia for 2 years or longer and; germinate repeatedly during the crop-growing season. The pathogen generally attacks the young plants when their growth is retarded due to unfavourable conditions. Moreover, charcoal rot is usually most severe in older plants which have been subjected to stressful environmental conditions such as high temperature, drought, or poor fertility. The disease severity is directly related to the humidity, temperature, tillage practices and soil nutrient conditions. This review deals with the details of pathogen and its management approaches. The management of disease through stress management is the most viable solution to overcome the menace of it. Although, the fungicide is the means of disease prevention but cultural practices, irrigation management during drought and resistant cultivars are the most practical means of control as the pathogen have more than 500 plant species to inhabit. The possibilities in substantial yield reduction under present changing climate underscore the need for further research.

Breeding for disease resistance in soybean: a global perspective

“…Management strategies include crop rotation with non-host crops, such as cotton, wheat, and barley that can lower inoculum load in the soil, and avoidance of water stress especially during the reproductive stage of soybeans. (Almeida et al 2003;Garcı ´a-Olivares et al 2012;Vibha 2016). Biological control with Trichoderma isolates has been proposed by researchers as a possible alternative to control charcoal rot (Khalili et al 2016;Orojnia et al 2021).…”

Truncatenolide, a Bioactive Disubstituted Nonenolide Produced by Colletotrichum truncatum, the Causal Agent of Anthracnose of Soybean in Argentina: Fungal Antagonism and SAR Studies

“…Considering the soybean biotic stress, the most severe are microbial diseases. Significant economic losses are induced by these diseases reported for many important arable vegetables, including soybean and fruit crops. , …”

Growth Promotion Function of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. Strains Isolated From Salt-Pan Rhizosphere and Their Biocontrol Potential Against <em>Macrophomina Phaseolina</em>

“…To this aim, spore-forming bacteria were isolated from salt-pan rhizosphere (Formentera, Spain), and 22 identified strains were screened for their plant growth-promoting traits and biocontrol activity against the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, one of the most devastating phytopathogens causing huge economic losses in many crops, such as soy plants [25].…”