Macroporous Hydroxyapatite Ceramic Coating by Using Electrophoretic Deposition and Then Heat Treatment

Abstract

A macroporous hydroxyapatite ceramic coating was fabricated on a titanium substrate by an electrophoretic deposition EPD process followed by a heat treatment in order to obtain high performance bioactive porous hydroxyapatite. The key of this EPD process is a formation of composite particles by using a heterocoaguration reaction, consisting of hydroxyapatite ceramic nanoparticles for the ceramic frame material and monodisperse polystyrene polymer microspheres for template component, in a suspension. Microstructure of the porous ceramic coating layer depends on electrophoretic deposition parameters, and on heat treatment conditions. Under the optimized fabrication conditions, the hydroxyapatite ceramic coating layer with well-controlled macroporous structure was obtained. In vitro examination using a simulated body fluid revealed a good biocompatibility of the macroporous specimen.

Electrophoretic deposition: From traditional ceramics to nanotechnology

“…Moreover these scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties. Hamagami et al 86,87 studied the fabrication of highly ordered macroporous bioactive ceramic coating onto titanium by EPD followed by a heat treatment. The biocompatibility of these materials was evaluated and demonstrated in vitro using a simulated body fluid (SBF).…”

Preparation of low-crystalline apatite nanoparticles and their coating onto quartz substrates

“…This might be attributed to the difference in bonding between Sample D and substrates as follows. In the EPD method, apatite particles were positively charged in ethanol and moved towards the cathode under an applied electrical field [24,25]. However, the bonding strength between particles and substrate was not very high, and hence, the deposited particles might have been peeled off by the ultrasonic treatment after the EPD.…”

The tribological and corrosion behavior of TiO2 coatings deposited by the electrophoretic deposition process

“…For the evaporation of any organic or volatile components, the deposited substrate was heated at 650℃ during 4.5 h. Then, a desirable temperature, due to the possible transformation of the anatase phase in the TiO 2 particles, was converted into the rutile phase, 20 which caused substrate contamination 21 and grain growth 22 that changed the mechanical properties of the deposited ceramic layer.…”

“…For this reason, a heat treatment is necessary in order to enhance the coatings the mechanical properties and adhesion. 7–35…”