Macroporous silicon with a complete two-dimensional photonic band gap centered at 5 μm

Grüning, U.; Lehmann, Volker; Ottow, S.; Busch, Kurt

doi:10.1063/1.116729

Cited by 330 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Perhaps for this reason attention has been drawn towards 2D lattice structures. The successful fabrication of 2D crystals with near-IR band gaps has been recently reported [4,5]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Larger Two-Dimensional Photonic Band Gaps

1996

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Absolute photonic band gaps in two-dimensional square and honeycomb lattices of circular crosssection rods can be increased by reducing the structure symmetry. The addition of a smaller diameter rod into the center of each lattice unit cell lifts band degeneracies to create significantly larger band gaps. Symmetry breaking is most effective at filling fractions near those which produce absolute band gaps for the original lattice. Rod diameter ratios in the range 0.1-0.2 yield the greatest improvement in absolute gap size. Crystal symmetry reduction opens up new ways for engineering photonic gaps.[S0031-9007 (96) The last few years have witnessed an ongoing search for periodic dielectric structures which give rise to a photonic band gap (PBG)-a region of the frequency spectrum where propagating modes are forbidden. These "photonic crystals" could alter radiation-matter interactions and thus improve the efficiency of optical devices by controlling spontaneous emission [1]. Applications of these crystals in semiconductor lasers and solar cells [1], and high-quality resonant cavities and filters [2] have been proposed. Although three-dimensional (3D) PBG crystals suggest the most interesting ideas for novel applications, two-dimensional (2D) structures could also find several important uses, as a result of their strong angular reflectivity properties over a wide frequency band. For example, 2D PBG crystals with absolute band gaps provide a large stop band for use as a feedback mirror in laser diodes [3]. Photonic gaps at visible to near-infrared (IR) wavelengths could have the widest impact in applications. As the band gap frequency is directly related to the size of the scattering elements comprising the lattice, a near-IR band gap requires features with dimensions in the submicron size regime. Fabricating 3D periodic structures in this regime poses an overwhelming challenge, despite progress in microfabrication technology. Perhaps for this reason attention has been drawn towards 2D lattice structures. The successful fabrication of 2D crystals with near-IR band gaps has been recently reported [4,5].

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“…Perhaps for this reason attention has been drawn towards 2D lattice structures. The successful fabrication of 2D crystals with near-IR band gaps has been recently reported [4,5]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Larger Two-Dimensional Photonic Band Gaps

1996

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“…The same applies to the`largea structures based on opal, macroporous silicon [26] or those made by the "bre-pulling technique [24], structures that can be examined by placing them in the path of a collimated broadband and source and measuring the transmission/re#ection as a function of wavelength. The characterisation of waveguide-based structures in the optical regime, however, is not as obvious and a variety of ingenious approaches have been developed.…”

Section: Diwerent Methods Of Characterising Photonic Crystalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the generally`macroscopica (1}50 m) feature size of the electrochemically etched holes, the material thus produced is termed macroporousa silicon, in contrast to its`microporousa relative (Section 4.3.1). Macroporous silicon with feature sizes in the sub-micron range has been demonstrated [27,45], although most PBG-related experimental work is aimed at mid-to far-IR wavelengths [25,26].…”

Section: Electrochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystals in the optical regime â past, present and future

Krauss

Rue

1999

Progress in Quantum Electronics

445

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During the last decade, photonic crystals, also known as photonic microstructures or photonic bandgap structures, have matured from an intellectual curiosity concerning electromagnetic waves to a "eld with real applications in both the microwave and optical regime. In this review, we shall focus on progress and the prospects for semiconductor structures that mainly involve guided modes interacting with periodic structures, but we also evaluate alternative material systems and fabrication methods, e.g. those based on self-organisation. We shall go from basic concepts, via a discussion of the state of the art, to device applications. Naturally, the discussion of the applications will be more speculative, but we attempt to evaluate the real prospects o!ered by photonic crystals at optical frequencies while considering practical limitations. In doing so, we identify a variety of areas such as the combination of quantum dot light emitters with photonic crystals that seem particularly promising. We discuss the prospects for enhanced light}matter interactions in photonic crystals and the related material and design issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to introduce the reader to the concepts of photonic crystals, describe the state of the art and attempt to answer the question of what uses these peculiar structures may have.

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“…Sketch of one-(1D), two-(2D) and three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals (Joannopolous et al, 2008). Grüning et al, 1995].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%