The accumulation and change in the chemical states of Co have been studied to elucidate the role of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the migration of radioactive cobalt in the environment. The yeast was grown in a solution containing Co(II) ions, a carbon source, and essential elements (metabolically active condition). For comparison, an adsorption experiment of Co(II) ions on the yeast cells under resting condition without essential elements was performed. Time courses of Co concentration in the solution, in the cells, and chemical states of the accumulated Co were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses. The time courses of Co concentration in the solution showed that a higher amount of Co was accumulated by the yeast cells under the metabolically active condition than under the resting one. PIXE analyses showed the concurrent accumulation of Fe with Co accumulation under the metabolically active condition, suggesting the intracellular accumulation of Co. XAFS analyses showed that the k 3 -weighted extended-XAFS functions and the radial structural function of Co accumulated by the yeast cells under the metabolically active condition are similar to those under the resting condition, indicating that the chemical states of the accumulated Co were nearly the same between both conditions. These results indicate that the yeast performs better retardation of the migration of Co under the metabolically active condition than under the resting one.