Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress

Skaggs, Todd H.; Genuchten, Martinus Th. van; Shouse, P. J.; Poss, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2006.06.005

Cited by 178 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Many researchers found water deficit reduced leaf area (Pandey et al 2000), plant height (Soler et al 2007), shoot growth (Stone et al 2001), and plant yield (Payero et al 2006). However, over-irrigation can increase agricultural salinization and cause the destruction of agriculture lands (Skaggs et al 2006). Irrigation is critical to sustain and increase agricultural production in many areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.)

et al. 2015

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L. 2015. The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 671Á679. Water and nitrogen (N) are important factors that affect crop yield. The objective of this study was to explore the interactive effect of water and nitrogen on biomass production, yield and growth responses, water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter-grown spinach. A field experiment was grown with treatments of varying water (W) and nitrogen (N) levels near Shanghai, China. Leaf area, shoot biomass and height of spinach increased with the application of N in the well-watered treatment. The highest chlorophyll content was found in spinach treated with N 2 (170 kg ha(1 nitrogen). A response surface analysis was done on plant height, leaf number, leaf weight, and plant yield of each spinach plant at different water and nitrogen levels. The equation for each of the response surfaces was taken and solved for the mathematical optimum of the curves. Abundant water supply resulted in the highest spinach yield. Yield of spinach increased with N application rates but decreased when the N was excessive. Compared with the low water treatment (W 3 ), a higher N leaching ratio was observed in the high water treatment (W 1 ), regardless of N treatment. With the increase of N application, N use efficiency of spinach significantly decreased, while water use efficiency of spinach increased. In conclusion, water levels between 36.15 cm and 42 cm, and nitrogen applications between 86 and 152.74 kg ha(1 could be recommended as the optimal treatment for spinach growth.

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confidence: 99%

The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.)

et al. 2015

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“…(11) to (13) with using any α, has been questioned (Skaggs et al, 2006;Javaux et al, 2013). However, the Jarvis model has, to some extent, a physical basis, and a comparison with the physically based model of De Jong van Lier et al (2008) can be made, as demonstrated in Jarvis (2010Jarvis ( , 2011.…”

Section: Comparison To the De Jong Van Lier Et Al (2008) Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the De Jong van Lier et al (2013) model, crop water stress, a condition for which T a < T p , is defined at the crop level (Tardieu, 1996) and begins when h l = h w . S can be calculated using Eq.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking test of empirical root water uptake models

Santos

Lier

Dam

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Detailed physical models describing root water uptake (RWU) are an important tool for the prediction of RWU and crop transpiration, but the hydraulic parameters involved are hardly ever available, making them less attractive for many studies. Empirical models are more readily used because of their simplicity and the associated lower data requirements. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capability of some empirical models to mimic the RWU distribution under varying environmental conditions predicted from numerical simulations with a detailed physical model. A review of some empirical models used as sub-models in ecohydrological models is presented, and alternative empirical RWU models are proposed. All these empirical models are analogous to the standard Feddes model, but differ in how RWU is partitioned over depth or how the transpiration reduction function is defined. The parameters of the empirical models are determined by inverse modelling of simulated depth-dependent RWU. The performance of the empirical models and their optimized empirical parameters depends on the scenario. The standard empirical Feddes model only performs well in scenarios with low root length density R, i.e. for scenarios with low RWU "compensation". For medium and high R, the Feddes RWU model cannot mimic properly the root uptake dynamics as predicted by the physical model. The Jarvis RWU model in combination with the Feddes reduction function (JMf) only provides good predictions for low and medium R scenarios. For high R, it cannot mimic the uptake patterns predicted by the physical model. Incorporating a newly proposed reduction function into the Jarvis model improved RWU predictions. Regarding the ability of the models to predict plant transpiration, all models accounting for compensation show good performance. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) indicates that the Jarvis (2010) model (JMII), with no empirical parameters to be estimated, is the "best model". The proposed models are better in predicting RWU patterns similar to the physical model. The statistical indices point to them as the best alternatives for mimicking RWU predictions of the physical model.

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“…Parameters (Table 5) of the water and salinity stress response functions were based on the literature values (Taylor and Ashcroft 1972;Feddes et al 1978;Maas 1990;Forkutsa et al 2009). A multiplicative model was used to account for the combined effects of water and salinity stress (Skaggs et al 2006). Compensated root water uptake (Š imůnek and Hopmans 2006) was not considered in our simulations since water and salinity stresses in the mulched system were assumed to be distributed relatively uniformly throughout the root zone.…”

Section: Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the same time, process-based numerical models are needed for optimal analysis of the data and extrapolation to decadal or longer time periods to more precisely understand the longterm effects of alternative practices. Computer simulation models for these reasons have become important tools for analyzing site-specific irrigation, soil salinization, or crop production problems (Skaggs et al 2006). Many software packages simulating relevant water flow, solute transport, and root water uptake processes could potentially be used for this purpose, such as SWAP (van Dam et al 1997;Kroes and van Dam 2003) and the HYDRUS codes (Šimůnek et al 2008), which have been applied to a number of cotton irrigation studies (e.g., Singh 2004;Forkutsa et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China

et al. 2013

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Field experiments were conducted in arid Southern Xinjiang, Northwest China, for 3 years to evaluate sustainable irrigation regimes for cotton. The experiments involved mulched drip irrigation during the growing season and flood irrigation afterward. The drip irrigation experiments included control experiments, experiments with deficit irrigation during one crop growth stage, and alternative irrigation schemes in which freshwater was used during one growth stage and relatively saline water in the others. The average cotton yield over 3 years varied between 3,575 and 5,095 kg/ha, and the irrigation water productivity between 0.91 and 1.16 kg/m 3 . Crop sensitivities to water stress during the different growth stages ranged from early flowering-belling (most sensitive) [ seedling [ budding [ late flowering-belling (least sensitive), while sensitivities to salt stress ranged from late flowering-belling [ budding [ seedling [ early flowering-belling. Although mulched drip irrigation during the growing season caused an increase in salinity in the root zone, flood irrigation after harvesting leached the accumulated salts to below background levels. Numerical simulations, based on the 3-year experiments and extended by another 20 years, suggest that mulched drip irrigation using alternatively fresh and brackish water during the growing season and flood irrigation with freshwater after harvesting is a sustainable irrigation practice that should not lead to soil salinization.

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Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress

Cited by 178 publications

References 41 publications

The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.)

The effects of different water and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen utilization efficiencies of spinach (Spinacia oleraceaL.)

Benchmarking test of empirical root water uptake models

Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China

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