Macroscopic, Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on the Kidneys of Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Abstract

Background: Kidneys, the paired organ which essentially plays for excreting nitrogenous wastes, excessive water, inorganic salts and toxic substances produced during the process of body metabolism. Maintenance of osmotic regulation and homeostatic fluid balance of the body has also be performed by kidneys. Each of the kidneys filtrate carried to cloaca by respective ureter from where the urine leaves the body. The present macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical studies undertaken on the Kidneys of Guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) is nothing but the attempt to widen our thrust area for that bird which is nonexistent as on documentation.Methods: The present studies were carried upon 12 pairs of in-vitro kidney samples in Guinea fowl. Gross morphology and morphometrical observations were carried on fresh specimens. Histological studies were carried on fixed samples those were processed for dehydration, clearing, embedding into paraffin and sections of 5-6 μ thickness were obtained. Different staining procedure as to Haematoxylin and Eosin, Silver orcein, Aniline blue and Weigert’s staining methods were employed for different histological components. The histochemical and histoenzymic studies were also accomplished with Periodic acid Schiff‘s (PAS), Alcian blue methods (pH-2.5) and Gomori’s cobalt method for Alkaline phosphatase and Acid phosphatase. The Succinic dehydrogenase enzyme was also estimated on cryostat sections.Result: The observations on kidneys of Guinea fowl were accomplished after macroscopic, histomorphological and histochemical means. This reddish-brown colored paired organ of kidneys was retroperitoneally placed in synsacral fossa and had incomplete division of three parts. The wrapping material of capsule was the dense connective tissue. The outer cortex and inner medulla had different parts of nephrons. Two types of nephrons viz. mammalian type (with Henle loop) and reptilian type (without Henle loop) were observed. Collagen, elastic and reticular fibers were there in different components of the kidney. Histochemically it has determined the secretion of neutral as well as acidic mucopolysaccharide substances. PAS activity was observed at mesangial cells and basement membrane of DCT. The Alkaline phosphatase showed the positive activity in capsule, brush border of proximal and distal convoluted tubules. The Acid phosphatases were showing intense activity in parietal and visceral layer of renal corpuscles, lumen and basement membrane of PCT. The intense activity of Succinic dehydrogenase showed at PCT, DCT, collecting tubule whereas renal corpuscles showed feeble activity.

Gross anatomy and histology of the urinary system of the spur winged goose (Plectropterus gambensis)

“…In most species of birds, the kidneys were reported as dorsolaterally flattened and reddish brown in colour. This report was similar to the present study and that of Khadim and Daoud (2014) in barn owls, Reshag et al (2016) in Great flamingo and Singh et al (2021) in Guinea fowl. In contrast, Dhyaa et al ( 2014) reported grayish colouration of the kidneys in Mallard ducks, brownish red to dark red in adult pigeon (Al-Ajeely and Mohammed, 2012), pink to brownish in canary (McLelland, 1990).…”

“…This could be attributed to the amount of blood supply to the kidneys and ecological variation among avian species. The kidney was incompletely divided into cranial, middle and caudal lobes, with the caudal lobe being the largest, which concur to that of other avian species reported by Abdul-Gahaffor et al (2012) in racing pigeon, Batah (2012) in coot bird, and Singh et al (2021) in Guinea fowl.…”

Struktur dan Morfometri Ginjal Itik Bali (Anas sp.) pada Fase Pertumbuhan

“…Organ ginjal itik bali berbentuk pipih yang memanjang, terletak di kaudal paru-paru dan menempel pada rongga synsacrum. Hal ini serupa dengan unggas lainnya seperti bebek mallard dan ayam domestik (Abood, 2014), ayam guinea (Singh et al, 2020), dan burung fulica (Lafi, 2012). Ginjal itik bali terdiri atas tiga lobus/bagian yaitu kranial, medial, dan kaudal.…”

“…Hal tersebut sama dengan ayam (Gallus domesticus) yang memiliki warna coklat namun berbeda dengan bebek mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) yang berwarna coklat keabu-abuan (Abood et al, 2014). Penelitian Singh et al (2020) menunjukkan bahwa ayam guinea (Numida meleagris) memiliki ginjal yang berwarna coklat kemerahan. Perbedaan warna ginjal pada bangsa burung menunjukkan bahwa kemungkinan disebabkan oleh jumlah darah yang dikandung dalam ginjal yang menyebabkan warnanya bervariasi dari merah muda sampai merah kecoklatan (Mc Lelland, 1991).…”

“…Arteri dan vena iliaka eksterna terletak di antara lobus kranial dan medial dan arteri ischiadica terletak di antara lobus medial dan lobus kaudal (Gambar 2). Hal ini sama dengan yang dilaporkan pada ayam domestik (Mc Lelland, 1991) dan ayam guinea (Singh et al, 2020) yaitu letak dari arteri dan vena iliaka eksterna di antara alur lobus kranial dan lobus medial sedangkan arteri ischiadica terletak di antara alur lobus medial dan lobus kaudal.…”