Macroscopic <i>N</i>‐halamine biocidal polymeric beads

Ahmed, Abd El-Shafey I.; Hay, J. N.; Bushell, Michael E.; Wardell, J. N.; Cavalli, Gabriel

doi:10.1002/app.31774

Cited by 25 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…N-halamine polymers stabilize attached halogen moieties and deliver them to microorganisms that approach the polymers (Ahmed et al 2008a(Ahmed et al , b), 2009(Ahmed et al , 2010(Ahmed et al , 2011a. They are usually prepared by loading heterocyclic rings that contain amide, imide or amino function groups which can be halogenated to the polymer backbone (Ahmed et al 2008a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are usually prepared by loading heterocyclic rings that contain amide, imide or amino function groups which can be halogenated to the polymer backbone (Ahmed et al 2008a). When the bacterial cells come in contact or close association with the polymer, the halide ion can be exchanged between the polymer and the cell (Ahmed et al 2009(Ahmed et al , 2010. These polymers exchange halide ions with the cells by contact, release, and may change the nature of medium around the cells (Ahmed et al 2009(Ahmed et al , 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have developed N-halamine derived polymeric materials for biocidal applications (Ahmed et al 2008a(Ahmed et al , b), 2009(Ahmed et al , 2010(Ahmed et al , 2011a and now this expertise has been transferred to the halogenation of cellulosic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N-halamines from rice straw

et al. 2011

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The cellulosic part of rice straw was modified to develop N-halamine 11 derivatives for disinfection. The process involved cross-linking of the cellulosic material 12 with amino/amide/imide containing compounds; cyclic and acyclic. The structures of the 13 prepared materials were identified using FTIR and solid state 13 CNMR. The modified 14 materials were halogenated to form N-halamines and the antimicrobial activity of each 15 evaluated against examples of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-16 negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) using a variety of methods; agar plate, blended agar, 17 stirred flask and in columns. One of the N-halamines achieved a 9 log reduction against 18 both E. coli and S. aureus in 4 hours. In addition, no S. aureus growth was recorded on 19 agar plates blended with 0.5g of this same material. 20

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N-halamines from rice straw

et al. 2011

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“…Biocidal polymers have the ability to kill microorganisms by acting as a source of sterilizing ions or molecules [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The use of polymeric antimicrobial agents have the advantage that they are nonvolatile, chemically stable, find it difficult to permeate through the skin of man or animal, and may enhance the efficacy of some existing antimicrobial agents and minimize the environmental problems accompanying the residual toxicity of the agents in addition to prolonging their lifetime [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced functionality of colloidal polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite as an antibacterial agent

Lashkenari

Eisazadeh

2014

Vinyl Additive Technology

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This study describes the preparation of colloidal polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol (PAn/PVA) nanocomposite by chemical polymerization of aniline (AN) in the presence of ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS) as an oxidant and PVA as a stabilizer. The product was characterized morphologically using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), chemically using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and optically UV-visible. The prepared polymer was then tested for the antibacterial properties against gramnegative bacteria: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa); and grampositive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The antibacterial properties were assessed by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and the bactericidal effect methods. The results clearly showed that colloidal PAn/PVA nanocomposite strongly inhibits the growth of wild-type E. coli (19 6 0.5) mm followed by P. aeruginosa (17 6 0.5 mm) and S. aureus (17.5 6 0.5 mm) bacteria. S. aureus was completely killed after exposure for only 15 min, whereas S. aureus and E. coli were completely killed after exposure for 25 min. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 00:000-000, 2014.

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“…N-Halamine polymers have been shown to have significant antimicrobial properties (2), and their ability to exchange halogen with microorganisms has raised the possibility of incorporating the polymer into water filters (2)(3)(4)(5). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the halogen exchange between the N-halamine polymer and microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Approach To Produce Water Free of Bacteria, Viruses, and Halogens in a Recyclable System

Ahmed

Cavalli

Bushell

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The antimicrobial activity of a new cross-linked N-halamine polymer against bacteria and viruses was evaluated. The polymer achieved a 9-log 10 reduction of bacteria (both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) in 1.5 h and a 5-log 10 reduction of bacteriophage PRD1 in 3 h. At the same time, the ability of the nonhalogenated polymer to trap halide ions was examined. The polymer was incorporated into a multifiltration system to study the ability to produce water free of bacteria, viruses, and halide ions. The antimicrobial activity, useful lifetime, halide ion level, and recycling possibilities of the system were quantified on a laboratory scale. A design for a large-scale multifiltration system based on this polymer is proposed.The latest report from the WHO and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme shows that the world is on track to meet goal 7, target 7c, of the millennium development goals (MDGs) (21) with respect to access to improved water supplies. Nevertheless, despite the progress that has been made during the last 10 years, over 850 million people do not have access to improved sources of drinking water, with almost all of them living in developing regions. In Europe most people are connected to a piped water supply managed by a water utility. The remainder, around 10% of the population, receive their water from small, or very small, private water supplies (17). A recent survey of the microbiological quality of water from private water supplies in the United Kingdom has shown that just over one-third show evidence of fecal contamination and, by projection, that 54% of all such supplies are likely to be unsatisfactory (17).

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Macroscopic N‐halamine biocidal polymeric beads

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

N-halamines from rice straw

N-halamines from rice straw

Enhanced functionality of colloidal polyaniline/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite as an antibacterial agent

New Approach To Produce Water Free of Bacteria, Viruses, and Halogens in a Recyclable System

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