Macroscopic yielding in jammed solids is accompanied by a nonequilibrium first-order transition in particle trajectories

Kawasaki, Takeshi; Berthier, Ludovic

doi:10.1103/physreve.94.022615

Cited by 117 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Reversibility has been studied experimentally using enthalpy [18] and strain recovery [19], elastostatic compression [16], nanoindentation [10], and quality factor measurements [49]. In simulations, reversibility has been studied using cyclic shear of model glasses [17,[50][51][52][53][54]. Though the linear stressstrain region in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cooling rate on particle rearrangement statistics: Rapidly cooled glasses are more ductile and less reversible

et al. 2017

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Amorphous solids, such as metallic, polymeric, and colloidal glasses, display complex spatiotemporal response to applied deformations. In contrast to crystalline solids, during loading, amorphous solids exhibit a smooth crossover from elastic response to plastic flow. In this study, we investigate the mechanical response of binary Lennard-Jones glasses to athermal, quasistatic pure shear as a function of the cooling rate used to prepare them. We find several key results concerning the connection between strain-induced particle rearrangements and mechanical response. We show that the energy loss per strain dU loss /dγ caused by particle rearrangements for more rapidly cooled glasses is larger than that for slowly cooled glasses. We also find that the cumulative energy loss U loss can be used to predict the ductility of glasses even in the putative linear regime of stress versus strain. U loss increases (and the ratio of shear to bulk moduli decreases) with increasing cooling rate, indicating enhanced ductility. In addition, we characterized the degree of reversibility of particle motion during a single shear cycle. We find that irreversible particle motion occurs even in the linear regime of stress versus strain. However, slowly cooled glasses, which undergo smaller rearrangements, are more reversible during a single shear cycle than rapidly cooled glasses. Thus, we show that more ductile glasses are also less reversible.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cooling rate on particle rearrangement statistics: Rapidly cooled glasses are more ductile and less reversible

et al. 2017

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“…While we expect that EMT can predict the nonlocal transverse compliance, it fails to capture the longitudinal compliance even for spatially uniform forcing [49]. [33,[50][51][52].…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our method more closely resembles oscillatory rheology, which gives direct access to frequency-dependent viscoelastic moduli without fitting to a model. Here, we apply forcing that is periodic in space, rather than time, thereby measuring wavelength-dependent compliances [31,32] without invoking the fluctuation-dissipation relation [33]. On the basis of our measurements, we identify two diverging length scales, growing fluctuations, and new nonlocal constitutive relations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nonlocal Elasticity near Jamming in Frictionless Soft Spheres

2017

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“…A similar quantity was defined in the context of the yielding transition in oscillatory shear [33,34]. In Fig.…”

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“…We propose that a better analogy is with the yielding transition in soft amorphous solids, where irreversible rearrangements and particle diffusion result from applying a mechanical forcing above the yield stress. Evidence that yielding corresponds to a non-equilibrium dynamic first-order transition is mounting [33,34,36], the difference with our system being the scale at which the mechanical force is acting. Our model bears a strong resemblance to the fluid-like dynamics observed in biological tissues, where flow and diffusion also occur with finite correlation lengthscales and timescales [3,9,11].…”

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Discontinuous fluidization transition in time-correlated assemblies of actively deforming particles

Tjhung

Berthier

2017

Phys. Rev. E

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Tracking experiments in dense biological tissues reveal a diversity of sources for local energy injection at the cell scale. The effect of cell motility has been largely studied, but much less is known about the effect of the observed volume fluctuations of individual cells. We devise a simple microscopic model of 'actively-deforming' particles where local fluctuations of the particle size constitute a unique source of motion. We demonstrate that collective motion can emerge under the sole influence of such active volume fluctuations. We interpret the onset of diffusive motion as a nonequilibrium first-order phase transition, which arises at a well-defined amplitude of selfdeformation. This behaviour contrasts with the glassy dynamics produced by self-propulsion, but resembles the mechanical response of soft solids under mechanical deformation. It thus constitutes the first example of active yielding transition.Active matter represents a class of nonequilibrium systems that is currently under intense scrutiny [1,2]. In contrast to externally driven systems (such as sheared materials), active matter is driven out of equilibrium at the scale of its microscopic constituents. Well-studied examples include biological tissues [3], bacterial suspensions [4] and active granular and colloidal particles [5][6][7][8].Epithelial tissues constitute a biologically relevant active system composed of densely packed eukaryotic cells [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. Such tissues display a surprisingly fast and collective dynamics, which would not take place under equilibrium conditions [10]. This dynamics has been ascribed to at least three distinct active processes [13]: (i) self-propulsion through cell motility such as crawling [15], (ii) self-deformation through protrusion and contraction [16][17][18], and (iii) cell division and apoptosis [14]. The vertex model for tissues [12,19,20] includes the first two of these active processes and predicts a continuous static transition from an arrested to a flowing state [21]. Another theoretical line of research is based on self-propelled particles [22] which display at high density a nonequilibrium glass transition [23,24] accompanied by a continuous increase of space and time correlations which diverge on approaching the arrested phase [25][26][27]. However, typical correlation lengthscales in tissues do not seem to diverge [9,11,28,29].To disentangle the dynamic consequences of the various sources of activity in tissues at large scale, we suggest to decompose the original complex problem into simpler ones, and to study particle-based models which only include a specific source of activity. This strategy was followed earlier for self-propulsion, but experiments are instead often modelled by complex models with many competing processes [18,29,30]. We argue that it is relevant to introduce a simplified model to analyse the effect of active particle deformation in a dense assembly of nonpropelled soft objects. Specifically, we model a dense system that is driven out of equilibrium locally th...

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Macroscopic yielding in jammed solids is accompanied by a nonequilibrium first-order transition in particle trajectories

Cited by 117 publications

References 39 publications

Effects of cooling rate on particle rearrangement statistics: Rapidly cooled glasses are more ductile and less reversible

Effects of cooling rate on particle rearrangement statistics: Rapidly cooled glasses are more ductile and less reversible

Nonlocal Elasticity near Jamming in Frictionless Soft Spheres

Discontinuous fluidization transition in time-correlated assemblies of actively deforming particles

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