Macrostructure and Microenvironment Biomimetic Hydrogel: Design, Properties, and Tissue Engineering Application

Abstract

The field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is rapidly advancing, with numerous novel and intriguing biomimetic materials being reported. Hydrogels, due to their unique structure and properties closely resembling biological tissues, stand as prime candidates for mimicking natural tissues in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. In recent years, drawing inspiration from the intricate structures found in biological soft tissues, researchers have successfully created a range of biomimetic hydrogels. These hydrogels have been tailored for diverse applications in fields such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, flexible electronic devices, and beyond. However, designing and fabricating biomimetic synthetic materials with intricate structures, dynamic microenvironment systems, and integrated functionalities remains challenging. This article presents the latest research progress in macroscopic structural biomimetic hydrogels, as well as microenvironment biomimetic hydrogels, along with the most recent construction strategies, key design principles, and optimization mechanisms. It summarizes their potential applications in various domains such as tissue repair, signal detection and sensing, drug delivery, and more. Lastly, the challenges and future development directions in the preparation and application of biomimetic hydrogels are outlined.

Iron Nano Biocomposite-Infused Biopolymeric Films: A Multifunctional Approach for Robust Skin Repair

“…Nevertheless, the utilization of SA in biomedical applications is somewhat restricted due to certain inherent limitations, such as its no cell adhesion, subpar mechanical properties, inadequate thermal stability, high wettability, absence of antimicrobial activity, and greater water permeability. , Biopolymers intended for biomedical applications are expected to possess robust mechanical properties, moderate hydrophilicity, and improved cell adhesion in addition to biocompatibility. To address these shortcomings, several functional materials are used, including graphene, nanoclays, and both inorganic and organic nanoparticles, into the biopolymer matrix . These functional materials, often referred to as nanofillers, are important in improving the thermal, mechanical, and other physical properties of the composite material, thus overcoming the limitations associated with pure SA. − …”