Macrostructuring of Emulsion‐templated Porous Polymers by 3D Laser Patterning

Johnson, D. W.; Sherborne, Colin; Didsbury, Matthew P.; Pateman, Christopher J.; Cameron, Neil R.; Claeyssens, Frederik

doi:10.1002/adma.201300552

Cited by 82 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A 405 nm microstereolithography setup was used to fabricate threedimensional structures, comprising of the following components: a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) (Texas Instruments Incorporated, TX, USA), 100 mW 405 nm tunable laser source and associated proprietary software (Vortran Laser Technology Inc, Sacramento, CA, USA), motorised z-axis translation stage apparatus and attached metal stage (Thorlabs Ltd, Cambridgeshire, UK), controlled via proprietary software for the z-stage (APT Software, Thorlabs Ltd, Cambridgeshire, UK), as described previously [23]. The process and experimental setup is illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Three Dimensional Sample Preparation Using 405 Nm Microsterementioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve guides manufactured from photocurable polymers to aid peripheral nerve repair

et al. 2015

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The peripheral nervous system has a limited innate capacity for self-repair following injury, and surgical intervention is often required. For injuries greater than a few millimeters autografting is standard practice although it is associated with donor site morbidity and is limited in its availability. Because of this, nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) can be viewed as an advantageous alternative, but currently have limited efficacy for short and large injury gaps in comparison to autograft. Current commercially available NGC designs rely on existing regulatory approved materials and traditional production methods, limiting improvement of their design. The aim of this study was to establish a novel method for NGC manufacture using a custom built laser-based microstereolithography (μSL) setup that incorporated a 405 nm laser source to produce 3D constructs with ∼ 50 μm resolution from a photocurable poly(ethylene glycol) resin. These were evaluated by SEM, in vitro neuronal, Schwann and dorsal root ganglion culture and in vivo using a thy-1-YFP-H mouse common fibular nerve injury model. NGCs with dimensions of 1 mm internal diameter × 5 mm length with a wall thickness of 250 μm were fabricated and capable of supporting re-innervation across a 3 mm injury gap after 21 days, with results close to that of an autograft control. The study provides a technology platform for the rapid microfabrication of biocompatible materials, a novel method for in vivo evaluation, and a benchmark for future development in more advanced NGC designs, biodegradable and larger device sizes, and longer-term implantation studies.

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Section: Three Dimensional Sample Preparation Using 405 Nm Microsterementioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve guides manufactured from photocurable polymers to aid peripheral nerve repair

et al. 2015

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“…[18][19][20][21] Therefore, much attention has been focused on the Pickering-HIPEs, which are stabilized by colloidal particles instead of traditional surfactants. [22][23][24][25][26] Not only is less emulsier dose required for emulsions, but also Pickering emulsion droplets exhibit better stabilization against coalescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroporous antibacterial hydrogels with tunable pore structures fabricated by using Pickering high internal phase emulsions as templates

Zou

Wei

et al. 2014

Polym. Chem.

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Artemisia argyi oil-loaded macroporous antibacterial hydrogels were prepared by polymerization of oil-in-water Pickering high internal phase emulsions. The void interconnectivity and pore size of the hydrogels could be tailored readily by varying the concentrations of nanoparticle and small molecular surfactant.Artemisia argyi oil (AAO)-loaded macroporous antibacterial hydrogels were prepared by polymerization of oil-in-water Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). The HIPEs were stabilized by the synergy of hydrophilic silica nanoparticles (N20) and surfactant Tween 80. The void interconnectivity and pore size of the hydrogels could be tailored readily by varying the concentrations of N20 nanoparticles and Tween 80. The mechanical properties of the porous hydrogels were related to the pore structure of the materials. There was an optimal condition for the N20 particle and Tween 80 contents where the hydrogel exhibited high compressive stress and strain. The in vitro release of the AAO-loaded hydrogels with different inner morphologies was evaluated and showed controlled release activity. The antibacterial activity of the AAO-loaded hydrogel was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.This kind of hydrogel exhibited excellent and long-term antibacterial activity indicating its potential use in biomedical and infection prevention applications.

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“…Photoinitiated polymerisation reduces the cure time to seconds, which means that less stable emulsions can be cured which might otherwise destabilise during the long process of thermal curing or with increase in temperature [2,4,10,12] . This approach has potentially increased the versatility of PolyHIPE systems, and there is a growing interest in the use of photocurable monomers for their production [4,8,[11][12][13][14][15][16] . PolyHIPEs have been commercialised for use as 3D environments for cell culture including the development of more complex tissue models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of a sacrificial scaffold has also been used in conjunction with electrospinning to produce microporous electrospun mats with internal channels to introduce a prototype vascular network in these scaffolds [22,23] . Recent studies reported on the use of layer-by-layer stereolithography for selectively photocuring Poly-HIPE emulsions to fabricate customised structures with both random microporosity and controlled macroporosity [11,13,24] . In this process, the templated emulsion is used as the resin for the direct write process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write

Malayeri¹,

Sherborne²,

Paterson³

et al. 2024

IJB

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This paper describes the direct laser write of a photocurable acrylate-based PolyHIPE (High Internal Phase Emulsion) to produce scaffolds with both macro-and microporosity, and the use of these scaffolds in osteosarcoma-based 3D cell culture. The macroporosity was introduced via the application of stereolithography to produce a classical "woodpile" structure with struts having an approximate diameter of 200 μm and pores were typically around 500 μm in diameter. The PolyHIPE retained its microporosity after stereolithographic manufacture, with a range of pore sizes typically between 10 and 60 μm (with most pores between 20 and 30 μm). The resulting scaffolds were suitable substrates for further modification using acrylic acid plasma polymerisation. This scaffold was used as a structural mimic of the trabecular bone and in vitro determination of biocompatibility using cultured bone cells (MG63) demonstrated that cells were able to colonise all materials tested, with evidence that acrylic acid plasma polymerisation improved biocompatibility in the long term. The osteosarcoma cell culture on the 3D printed scaffold exhibits different growth behaviour than observed on tissue culture plastic or a flat disk of the porous material; tumour spheroids are observed on parts of the scaffolds. The growth of these spheroids indicates that the osteosarcoma behave more akin to in vivo in this 3D mimic of trabecular bone. It was concluded that PolyHIPEs represent versatile biomaterial systems with considerable potential for the manufacture of complex devices or scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In particular, the possibility to readily mimic the hierarchical structure of native tissue enables opportunities to build in vitro models closely resembling tumour tissue.

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Macrostructuring of Emulsion‐templated Porous Polymers by 3D Laser Patterning

Abstract: Micro-stereolithography (μSL) is used to produce 3D porous polymer structures by templating high internal phase emulsions. A variety of structures are produced, including lines, squares, grids, and tubes. The porosity matches that of materials produced by conventional photopolymerization.

Cited by 82 publications

References 25 publications

Nerve guides manufactured from photocurable polymers to aid peripheral nerve repair

Nerve guides manufactured from photocurable polymers to aid peripheral nerve repair

Macroporous antibacterial hydrogels with tunable pore structures fabricated by using Pickering high internal phase emulsions as templates

Osteosarcoma growth on trabecular bone mimicking structures manufactured via laser direct write

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