Macular edema

Tranos, Paris; Wickremasinghe, Sanj; Stangos, NT; Topouzis, Fotios; Tsinopoulos, Ioannis; Pavésio, Carlos

doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(04)00109-2

Cited by 188 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…It consists of accumulated fluid in the subretinal space within the macula, and it is often characterized by radially-oriented cysts (Tranos et al 2004). Retinal edema can originate from a large variety of ocular insults, such as eye injuries, intraocular surgery, venous occlusive disease, diabetic retinopathy, posterior segment inflammatory disease, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Tranos et al *Corresponding author address: Medical University of South Carolina, SEI-Room 518E, 167 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC, 29425.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Email: ablonczy@musc.edu.2004). A variety of treatment approaches have been attempted with varying success: topical and systemic steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and laser photocoagulation treatment (Tranos et al 2004). In recent clinical trials, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications (e.g., pegaptanib sodium, bevacizumab, ranibizumab) have been shown to reduce the macular thickness in patients with macular edema and wet AMD, and an increase in visual acuity was reported to follow (Gragoudas et al 2004;Heier et al 2006;Spaide et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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VEGF modulation of retinal pigment epithelium resistance

Ablonczy

Crosson

2007

Experimental Eye Research

128

110

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Fluid accumulation into the subretinal space and the development of macular edema is a common condition in age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and following ocular surgery, or injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other cytokines have been implicated in the disruption of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) barrier function and a reduction in the regulated removal of subretinal fluid; however, the cellular and molecular events linking these agents to the disruption of barrier function have not been established. In the current study, cultures of ARPE-19 and primary porcine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were utilized to investigate the effects of the VEGF-induced modifications to the barrier properties of the RPE. The barrier function was determined by transepithelial resistance (TER) measurements and morphology of the RPE monolayers. In both ARPE-19 and primary porcine RPE cells the administration of VEGF produced a significant drop in TER, and this response was only observed following apical administration. Maximum reduction in TER was reached 5 hours post VEGF administration. These responses were concentration-dependent with an EC 50 of 502 pg/mL in ARPE-19 cells and 251 pg/mL in primary porcine cells. In both ARPE-19 and primary RPE cells, the response to VEGF was blocked by pretreatment with the relatively selective VEGF-R2 antagonists, SU5416 or ZM323881, or the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. Administration of the relatively selective VEGF-R2 agonist, VEGF-E, also reduced TER in a concentration-dependent manner (EC 50 of 474 pg/mL), while VEGF-R1 agonist, placental growth factor (PlGF), did not significantly alter the TER. Immunolocalization studies demonstrated that confluent monolayers exhibited continuous cell-tocell ZO-1 protein contacts and apical localization of the VEGF-R2 receptors. These data provide evidence that the VEGF-induced breakdown of RPE barrier function is mediated by the activation of apically-oriented VEGF-R2 receptors. Thus, VEGF-mediated increases in RPE permeability are initiated by a rise in intraocular levels of VEGF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEGF modulation of retinal pigment epithelium resistance

Ablonczy

Crosson

2007

Experimental Eye Research

128

110

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“…[1][2][3][4] The prevalence of 11-20% macular oedema in RP patients has most commonly been reported using fluorescein angiography (FA) or optical coherence tomography (OCT). 2,[5][6][7] In future treatment trials where central visual acuity is used as an outcome measure, the presence of cystic macular lesions could represent a confounding variable for monitoring a therapeutic intervention aimed at primarily improving macular photoreceptor cell function. Further, identifying the presence of macular cysts will additionally serve to identify those RP patients who might benefit from the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) or intravitreal steroid injections to reduce the degree of macular oedema and possibly improve central visual acuity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Hajali

Fishman

2008

Eye

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of cystoid macular oedema (CME) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients with no evidence of cystic macular lesions on fundus examination. Methods We included 63 RP patients with no evidence of cystic-appearing macular changes on fundus examination. All patients underwent a complete ocular examination including best-corrected visual acuity using an ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) chart, intraocular pressure measurement, anterior segment examination, and a detailed fundus examination. On 50 of the 63 patients, Fourier-domain OCT was performed using the radial slicer protocol. An additional 13 of the 63 patients were scanned using the macular thickness protocol on a time-domain OCT unit. The diagnosis of CME was defined by the presence of hyporeflective lacunae with well-defined boundaries on at least two of the scans. Results The mean age of patients included in the study was 36 years (range 9-71 years). Out of the 63 patients examined, 20 showed CME in at least one eye (32%), whereas 11 patients showed CME in both eyes (18%). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that a substantial number of RP patients with CME, as determined by OCT, may not show cystic changes by direct ophthalmoscopy or contact lens biomicroscopy. Knowledge of the high frequency for CME in such patients can serve to identify those who may be amenable to current or future treatment strategies of their macular oedema and can potentially impact on future therapeutic trials where visual acuity is used as an outcome measure.

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“…The focal, diffuse, and cystic forms are all characterized by extracellular accumulation of fluid, specifically in Henle's layer and the inner nuclear layer of the retina. The compartmentalization of the accumulated fluid is likely to be due in part to the relative barrier properties of the inner and outer plexiform layers (1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between B-scan Ultrasonography and Optical Coherence Tomography in Evaluation of Macular Oedema

Aziz¹

2018

The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine

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Background: Optical Coherence Tomography is a very sensitive modality for detection of even subclinical macular edema and provides both qualitative and quantitative results used in monitoring and follow up of patients before and after treatment of ME. However, B-Scan Ultrasonography is a non-Invasive diagnostic tool that has the advantage of reliably imaging the posterior segment regardless of the ocular media status and it is less dependent on patient cooperation. Aim of the Work: To report sensitivity and specificity of B-scan Ultrasonography in detection of macular edema. Patients and methods: This observational case series was conducted on Forty eyes of 20 patients examined at the ophthalmology clinic of Cairo Fatimic Hospital. They were asked to participate and were enrolled in this study in the period from December 2017 to March 2018. Results: There was high degree of agreement between clinical diagnosis and echographic findings of macular thickening. The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of B-scan ultrasonography to detect ME were 91.7% (22/24) and 84.6% (22/26) respectively. The specificity and negative predictive value (NPV) of B-scan ultrasonography to detect ME were 75% (12/16) and 85.7% (12/14), respectively. And consequently, the diagnostic accuracy of B-scan ultrasonography to diagnose ME was found to be 85% (34/40). Conclusion: Optical Coherence Tomography is the most sensitive method to diagnose macular edema both qualitatively and quantitatively, but in certain circumstances when performing OCT would be difficult or even impossible, B-Scan Ultrasonography provides an acceptable method to qualitatively detect macular edema.

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Macular edema

Cited by 188 publications

References 0 publications

VEGF modulation of retinal pigment epithelium resistance

VEGF modulation of retinal pigment epithelium resistance

The prevalence of cystoid macular oedema on optical coherence tomography in retinitis pigmentosa patients without cystic changes on fundus examination

Comparison between B-scan Ultrasonography and Optical Coherence Tomography in Evaluation of Macular Oedema

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