Macular Pigment and Lutein Supplementation in Choroideremia

Duncan, Jacque L.; Alemán, Tomás S.; Gardner, Leigh M.; Castro, Elaine de; Marks, Daniel A.; Emmons, Jessica M.; Bieber, Michelle L.; Steinberg, Janet D.; Bennett, Jean; Stone, Edwin M.; MacDonald, Ian M.; Cideciyan, Artur V.; Maguire, Maureen G.; Jacobson, Samuel G.

doi:10.1006/exer.2001.1126

Cited by 99 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…20,21,27,28 However, consistent with our findings, Kanis et al recently measured MPOD by using fundus reflectometry and foveal thickness by using OCT in 37 subjects (36 of whom were white) and found that there was no significant linear association between MFT and MPOD (r ϭ 0.05, P ϭ 0.78) or between CFT and MPOD (r ϭ Ϫ0.04, P ϭ 0.82). 28 Aleman et al 21 measured inner retinal thickness in the central 1°by using OCT in a group of 49 patients (75 eyes) with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or Usher syndrome (US) and 19 normal subjects (27 eyes) without ocular disease.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Aleman et al 21 hypothesized that the low MP levels in the patients with retinal disease were due to the loss of inner retinal tissue known to occur in outer retinal degenerations 29 and concluded that, in a normal retina (without disease), the relationship between retinal thickness and MP is more complex. This notion is consistent with a study by Duncan et al, 27 who found a strong positive relationship between central retinal thickness and MP at 0.5°(r ϭ 0.66, P ϭ 0.003) in a group of 13 patients with a diagnosis of choroideremia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Spatial Profile of Macular Pigment and Its Relationship to Foveal Architecture

Nolan

Stringham

Beatty

et al. 2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

104

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Foveal MP was positively and significantly related to foveal width in the entire study group. This relationship may be determined by the greater length of the cone axons (Henle fibers) in wider foveas. MPOD was unrelated to foveal thickness in the white subjects. However, in the nonwhite subjects there was a positive association between MFT and MPOD at the 0.25 degrees and 0.5 degrees eccentricities, suggesting that other personal characteristics modulate the MPOD-retinal thickness relationship.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Spatial Profile of Macular Pigment and Its Relationship to Foveal Architecture

Nolan

Stringham

Beatty

et al. 2008

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

104

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“…Foveal vision and macular pigment relation was evaluated after 6 months of oral lutein treatment. Serum macular pigment levels increased as a result of lutein supplementation while foveal sensitivity was stable in patients with CHM [96].…”

Section: Role Of Lutein and Zeaxanthin In Chm And Other Eye Diseasementioning

confidence: 95%

An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

Sarıaltın¹,

Çoban²

2018

Rec.Nat.Prod.

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Macula lutea, is the center of the retina of the eye, contains high concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin which can act as a filter against short-wavelength (blue) light. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only carotenoids detected in human lens which exhibit highly strong free radical scavenging activity. Many epidemiological studies, clinical trials, animal experiments have suggested that lutein and zeaxanthin have antiinflammatory potential with their high antioxidant properties. Several eye diseases including, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and retinitis pigmentosa are caused by ocular inflammation. Some studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin could be protective, curative and preventive against ocular inflammation induced diseases and other ocular disorders such as cataract, glaucoma and choroideremia. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are absorption of near-ultraviolet and blue light, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis. Lutein and zeaxanthin can be taken from dietary supplements or a diet high in fruits, vegetables such as kale, spinach and turnip greens. The aim of this review is to evaluate the relationship between the consumption of lutein and zeaxanthin and eye diseases.

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“…In humans, the administration of lutein or lutein esters extracted from marigold petals at doses of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg bw has been shown to result in accumulation of lutein in the macula, as evidenced by an increase in the macular pigment density (Berendschot et al, 2000;Duncan et al, 2002;Landrum et al, 1997a, b).…”

Section: Human Data Absorption Distribution Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of lutein (E 161b) as a food additive

2010

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of lutein (E 161b). Lutein has been previously evaluated by the EU Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1975 and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2006. JECFA established a group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-2 mg/kg body weight (bw) for lutein from Tagetes erecta and zeaxanthin. The SCF could not establish an ADI, but concluded that xanthophylls prepared from natural foods by physical processes are acceptable for use in food. The Panel was not provided with a newly submitted dossier and based its evaluation on previous evaluations, additional literature that became available since then and the data available following a public call for data. New studies included a 90-day study in rats in which no adverse effects were reported up to dose levels of 400 mg/kg bw/day. However, the Panel noted that, compared to the standard regulatory studies, the study is too limited to identify a NOAEL for the safety evaluation of lutein. The Panel concluded, based on the NOAEL of 200 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose level tested) in a 90-day rat study, the absence of developmental toxicity at dose levels up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day (the highest dose level tested), the fact that lutein is not genotoxic, the fact that in 90-day studies no effects on reproductive organs were observed, and the fact that lutein is a normal constituent of the diet, that an ADI can be derived. Given the absence of a multigeneration reproductive toxicity study and of chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies the Panel applies an uncertainty factor of 200 and establishes an ADI of 1 mg/kg bw/day. The Panel noted that this ADI refers to lutein derived from Tagetes erecta containing at least 80% carotenoids consisting of lutein and zeaxanthin (79 and 5% respectively). The Panel concluded that at the current levels of use Tier 3 intake estimates are above the ADI at the upper end of the range. KEY WORDSLutein, E 161b, CAS Registry Number 127-40-2, food colour, EINECS number 204-840-0. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Scientific Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources (ANS) added to Food was asked to provide a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of lutein (E 161b) when used as a food colour.Lutein (E 161b) is a natural carotenoid dye authorised as a food additive in the EU (E 161b) and previously evaluated by the EU Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1975 and the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2006. JECFA established a group Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-2 mg/kg body weight (bw) for lutein from Tagetes erecta and zeaxanthin. The SCF could not establish an ADI, but concluded that xanthophylls prepared from natural foods by physical processes are acceptable for use in food (SCF, 1975).Specifications have been defined in the EU legislation Directive 2008/128/EC and JECFA. EU specifica...

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Macular Pigment and Lutein Supplementation in Choroideremia

Cited by 99 publications

References 41 publications

Spatial Profile of Macular Pigment and Its Relationship to Foveal Architecture

Spatial Profile of Macular Pigment and Its Relationship to Foveal Architecture

An Overview on the Role of Macular Xanthophylls in Ocular Diseases

Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of lutein (E 161b) as a food additive

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