Macular Pigment, Visual Function, and Macular Disease among Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease: An Exploratory Study

Nolan, John M.; Loskutova, Ekaterina; Howard, Alan; Moran, Rachel; Mulcahy, Ríona; Stack, Jim; Bolger, Maggie; Dennison, Jessica; Akuffo, Kwadwo Owusu; Owens, Niamh; Thurnham, David I.; Beatty, Stephen

doi:10.3233/jad-140507

Cited by 89 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…One possibility is simply protection from the accumulated effects of oxidative and inflammatory stress. Data linking reduced MPOD to dementia [19] and cognitive impairment [23] is consistent with that possibility. Another possibility, more relevant to younger individuals and palliative approaches, is a direct improvement by some type of local interaction with neural cells (the so-called neural efficiency hypothesis; [11,36,21] MPOD) in young healthy subjects would yield behavioral improvements in tasks that are generally mediated by the central nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects

Bovier

Hammond

2015

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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Speed of processing is a particularly important characteristic of the visual system. Often a behavioral reaction to a visual stimulus must be faster than the conscious perception of that stimulus, as is the case with many sports (e.g., baseball). Visual psychophysics provides a relatively simple and precise means of measuring visual processing speed called the temporal contrast sensitivity function (tCSF). Past study has shown that macular pigment (a collection of xanthophylls, lutein (L), meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) and zeaxanthin (Z), found in the retina) optical density (MPOD) is positively correlated with the tCSF. In this study, we found similar correlations when testing 102 young healthy subjects. As a follow-up, we randomized 69 subjects to receive a placebo (n=15) or one of two L and Z supplements (n=54). MPOD and tCSF were measured psychophysically at baseline and 4months. Neither MPOD nor tCSF changed for the placebo condition, but both improved significantly as a result of supplementation. These results show that an intervention with L and Z can increase processing speed even in young healthy subjects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects

Bovier

Hammond

2015

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

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“…In addition to being protector of vision, clinical research data also suggest that lutein and zeaxanthin may protect against CVDs (Andersen, 2015;Gammone, Riccioni, & D'Orazio, 2015;Shin et al, 2013), oxidative stress (Fiedor & Burda, 2014;Sen & Chakraborty, 2011), neurodegenerative disorders (Calabrese et al, 2010;Feart et al, 2016;Nataraj et al, 2015;Nolan et al, 2014Nolan et al, , 2015, and possibly different types of cancer (Mares-Perlman et al, 2002). Over the years, hen eggs have acquired a bad reputation attributed to the high content of cholesterol mainly in yolks, which led to a serious decline in their consumption.…”

Section: Cvds Oxidative Stress Alzheimer's and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emerging evidence indicates that higher concentrations of lutein in respect to plasma lipids may moderately decrease the risk of dementia and AD in an elderly community dwellers (Feart et al, 2016). AD patients exhibit significantly less MP and poorer vision [possibly due to lower serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin (Nolan et al, 2014)]. Supplementation with the lutein and zeaxanthin carotenoids benefits patients with AD, in terms of not only clinically meaningful improvements in visual function but also cognitive function is triggered as merited (Nolan et al, 2014(Nolan et al, , 2015Renzi, Dengler, Puente, Miller, & Hammond, 2014).…”

Section: Cvds Oxidative Stress Alzheimer's and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

Zaheer¹

2017

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Hen egg is a unique and important carrier of lipid soluble bioactive carotenoids -lutein and zeaxanthin. Egg yolk carotenoid profile is largely dependent on hen's feed composition. Naturally, lutein and zeaxanthin are polar carotenoids primarily deposited in human retina and provide several protective functions, i.e. protect the macula from damage by blue light, improve visual acuity, and scavenge harmful reactive oxygen species. They have also been linked with reduced risk of agerelated macular degeneration and cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer's, and possibly different cancers. This review summarizes the latest data on content and composition of hen egg carotenoids, effect of processing, feeding systems, feed additives, bioavailability, and physiological effect of egg carotenoids on human health issues.Carotenoides de huevo de gallina (luteína y zeaxantina) e impactos nutricionales en la salud del ser humano: una revisión RESUMEN La yema de huevo es un importante y único portador de carotenoides bioactivos liposolubles: luteína y zeaxantina. El perfil de carotenoides de la yema de huevo depende notablemente de la composición alimentaria de la gallina. La luteína y la zeaxantina son carotenoides polares naturales depositados principalmente en la retina humana y que aportan diversas funciones protectoras, como por ejemplo la protección de la mácula del daño provocado por la luz azulada, la mejora de la agudeza visual y expulsan las especies dañinas reactivas al oxígeno. Estos también están relacionados con reducir el riesgo de degeneración macular producido por la edad y las cataratas, enfermedades cardiovasculares, Alzheimer, además de la posibilidad de diferentes tipos de cáncer. Este estudio resume los datos más recientes acerca del contenido y la composición de los carotenoides de la yema de huevo de gallina, el efecto del procesamiento, los sistemas de alimentación, los aditivos alimentarios, la biodisponibilidad y el efecto psicológico de los carotenoides del huevo en los problemas de salud de las personas. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…10 Macular pigment (and its constituent carotenoids) may have an important role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by reducing oxidative stress via its antioxidant properties as well as limiting the effect of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of this condition. 11 Some studies also have reported that MP may be lower compared to controls among persons with glaucoma, 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 13 and diabetes, 14,15 suggesting that MP could be a useful biomarker for these conditions, providing a biologically plausible rationale to investigate whether MP has a role in these pathologies.…”

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confidence: 99%

Concordance of Macular Pigment Measurement Using Customized Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry and Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Akuffo

Beatty

Stack

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Akuffo KO, Beatty S, Stack J, et al. Concordance of macular pigment measurement using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and fundus autofluorescence in agerelated macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56:8207-8214. DOI:10.1167/iovs.15-17822 PURPOSE. We compared macular pigment (MP) measurements using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry (Macular Metrics Densitometer) and dual-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (Heidelberg Spectralis HRA þ OCT MultiColor) in subjects with early agerelated macular degeneration (AMD).METHODS. Macular pigment was measured in 117 subjects with early AMD (age, 44-88 years) using the Densitometer and Spectralis, as part of the Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trial (CREST; ISRCTN13894787). Baseline and 6-month study visits data were used for the analyses. Agreement was investigated at four different retinal eccentricities, graphically and using indices of agreement, including Pearson correlation coefficient (precision), accuracy coefficient, and concordance correlation coefficient (ccc).RESULTS. Agreement was poor between the Densitometer and Spectralis at all eccentricities, at baseline (e.g., at 0.258 eccentricity, accuracy ¼ 0.63, precision ¼ 0.35, ccc ¼ 0.22) and at 6 months (e.g., at 0.258 eccentricity, accuracy ¼ 0.52, precision ¼ 0.43, ccc ¼ 0.22). Agreement between the two devices was significantly greater for males at 0.58 and 1.08 of eccentricity. At all eccentricities, agreement was unaffected by cataract grade.CONCLUSIONS. In subjects with early AMD, MP measurements obtained using the Densitometer and Spectralis are not statistically comparable and should not be used interchangeably in either the clinical or research setting. Despite this lack of agreement, statistically significant increases in MP, following 6 months of supplementation with macular carotenoids, were detected with each device, confirming that these devices are capable of measuring change in MP within subjects over time. (http://www.controlled-trials.com number, ISRCTN13894787.)

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Macular Pigment, Visual Function, and Macular Disease among Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease: An Exploratory Study

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects

A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects

Hen egg carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and nutritional impacts on human health: a review

Concordance of Macular Pigment Measurement Using Customized Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry and Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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