Macular Thickness and Microvasculature Loss in Glaucoma Suspect Eyes

Hou, Huiyuan; Moghimi, Sasan; Kamalipour, Alireza; Ekici, Eren; Oh, Won Hyuk; Proudfoot, James; El-Nimri, Nevin W.; Penteado, Rafaella C.; Nishida, Takashi; David, Ryan; Weinreb, Robert N.

doi:10.1016/j.ogla.2021.07.009

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We agree that better methods are needed for enhancing the differentiation of healthy eyes and glaucoma suspect eyes. Although our study did not find a significant difference in mean superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vessel density (VD) between healthy and glaucoma suspect eyes,1 other studies have detected such differences 2–4. The ability to detect significant differences in the present study may have been limited by the smaller sample size of glaucoma suspects.…”

contrasting

confidence: 83%

Response to Letter to the Editor: Superficial and Deep Macula Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes

El-Nimri

Moghimi

Weinreb

2021

Journal of Glaucoma

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contrasting

confidence: 83%

Response to Letter to the Editor: Superficial and Deep Macula Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes

El-Nimri

Moghimi

Weinreb

2021

Journal of Glaucoma

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“…Thinning of macular ganglion cell complex is associated with glaucoma 12 . Optical coherence tomography angiography found reduced macular superficial capillary density in glaucoma eyes, and the rate of capillary density can indicate glaucoma worsening in some cases [13][14][15] . Using a 10-2 VFT with denser 2° sampling density, a recent study showed central visual damage in over 30% of ocular hypertensive and glaucomatous eyes while the conventional 24-2 VFT appeared normal 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Macular Oxygen Saturation in Glaucoma Using Retinal Oximetry of Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography

Wang,

Sadlak,

Fiorello

et al. 2023

Preprint

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PurposeOxygen saturation (sO2) plays a critical role in retinal pathophysiology, especially at the macula, which undergoes significant energy consumption. While macular damage has been suggested to be involved in early-stage glaucoma, there has been no report to date on non-invasive macular sO2in glaucoma. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare macular sO2associated with other clinical measurements between normal and glaucoma subjects and evaluate whether there are significant differences.MethodThis is a cross-sectional study. We used visible light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) for retinal oximetry in perifoveal vessels. The subjects from groups of normal, suspect/pre-perimetric glaucoma (GS/PPG) and perimetric glaucoma (PG) were scanned using VIS-OCT in the macular region with a sampling density of 512×256 in an area of 5×5 mm2. 48 eyes (16 normal, 17 GS/PPG and 15 PG) were included for the analysis. For each eye, we measured the sO2of arterioles (AsO2), venules (VsO2), and calculated the difference between arterioles and venules (A-V sO2=AsO2-VsO2), oxygen extraction (OE=(AsO2-VsO2)/AsO2×100%). Additionally, we included Zeiss Cirrus OCT scans and 24-2 visual field test (VFT) for clinical benchmark. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences among the three groups. Spearman correlation tests were used for correlation sO2markers to standard metrics including the thickness of ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL), circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) and mean deviation (MD) in VFT.ResultSignificant differences were found among three groups for all VIS-OCT, Zeiss OCT, and VFT variables. Macular AsO2, A-V sO2, OE decreased, and VsO2increased along with severity. Macular AsO2and A-V sO2were statistically correlated with GCL+IPL and cpRNFL in all eyes, as well as only PG eyes. Within PG eyes, the correlation between AsO2and GCL+IPL is dominant in more damaged lower hemifield.ConclusionThe GS/PPG and PG subjects had significantly higher macular VsO2, lower A-V sO2and OE indicating less oxygen consumption. The sO2measured by retinal oximetry of VIS-OCT can be a potential metric for the early diagnosis of glaucoma.

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“… 14 In glaucoma suspect eyes, ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness and macular vessel density were measured over time and showed a decline in vessel density in the absence of a decline in GCC in some cases and, in other cases, a faster vessel density loss than GCC thinning. 15 Thus, agents that aim to protect from vascular dysregulation may be of additional clinical benefit.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotinamide Prevents Retinal Vascular Dropout in a Rat Model of Ocular Hypertension and Supports Ocular Blood Supply in Glaucoma Patients

Gustavsson,

Enz,

Tribble

et al. 2023

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To investigate whether nicotinamide (NAM) modulates retinal vasculature in glaucoma. Methods This was a prospective controlled clinical trial investigating animal and human histopathology. Participants included normotensive and ocular hypertensive rats, postmortem human ocular tissue, glaucoma patients ( n = 90), and healthy controls ( n = 30). The study utilized histopathology, computer-assisted retinal vasculature analysis, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and NAM treatment. The main outcome measures included retinal vascular parameters in rats as assessed by AngioTool; retinal vasculature integrity in rats and humans as assessed by histopathology, antibody-staining, and ImageJ-based measurements; and retinal perfusion density (PD) and flux index in humans as assessed by OCTA. Results A number of vessel parameters were altered in ocular hypertension/glaucoma compared to healthy controls. NAM treatment improved the retinal vasculature in ocular hypertensive rats, with an increase in mean vessel area, percentage area covered by vessels, total vessel length, total junctions, and junction density as assessed by AngioTool (all P < 0.05); vessel wall integrity as assessed by VE-cadherin antibody staining was also improved ( P < 0.01). In humans, as assessed by OCTA, increases in PD in the optic nerve head and macula complete image (0.7%, P = 0.04 and 1.0%, P = 0.002, respectively) in healthy controls, and an increase in the temporal quadrant of the macula (0.7%, P = 0.02) in glaucoma patients was seen after NAM treatment. Conclusions NAM can prevent retinal vascular damage in an animal model of glaucoma. After NAM treatment, glaucoma patients and healthy controls demonstrated a small increase in retinal vessel parameters as assessed by OCTA.

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Macular Thickness and Microvasculature Loss in Glaucoma Suspect Eyes

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Response to Letter to the Editor: Superficial and Deep Macula Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes

Response to Letter to the Editor: Superficial and Deep Macula Vessel Density in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspect, and Glaucoma Eyes

Macular Oxygen Saturation in Glaucoma Using Retinal Oximetry of Visible Light Optical Coherence Tomography

Nicotinamide Prevents Retinal Vascular Dropout in a Rat Model of Ocular Hypertension and Supports Ocular Blood Supply in Glaucoma Patients

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