Magainin-modified polydopamine nanoparticles for photothermal killing of bacteria at low temperature

Multifunctional and Stimuli‐Responsive Polydopamine Nanoparticle‐Based Platform for Targeted Antimicrobial Applications

“…These results are consistent with prior works, which show that the bacterial surface targeting activity of Magainin I and vancomycin enabled PdNP to localize heating closer to the bacteria, leading to a significant lowering of temperature required for the photothermal killing of pathogens. [35,36] Together with these studies, our work showcases the general applicability of PdNP-based nano-system as a viable alternative for in vivo photothermal antimicrobial applications. By decorating the surface of PdNP with a membrane-active peptide, we have shown that the peptide's membrane-destabilizing activity greatly enhanced the effect of PdNP's laser-induced heating capability in lowering the mechanical stability of E. coli's outer membrane.…”

“…[20,21,37] Photo thermal treatment (PT) in this case will then only require lower energy input to kill both Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria. [35,36] In this work, we show that beyond acting as localized nanoheaters, PdNPs can be further engineered with an additional biocidal mechanism highly complementary to its photothermal activity-resulting in a more effective antimicrobial agent. We combine 1) the photothermal capability and biocompatibility of PdNP with 2) AMP's bacterial membrane targeting and lytic activities to engineer a multifunctional antimicrobial that targets and kills bacteria via multiple and coordinated biocidal mechanisms.…”

“…[16,34] An effective strategy involves modifying the surface of PdNP with bacterial targeting molecules. [35,36] This brings the nanoparticles very close to the bacterial membrane, transforming them into "localized nano-heaters" upon laser irradiation. [35] This strategy has also been extensively used in other photothermally active nanomaterials.…”

Low-Temperature Photothermal Therapy: Strategies and Applications

“…Moreover, owing to the uneven heat distribution in the bacterial biofilms, it is difficult to completely eradicate the bacteria within the biofilms via PTT alone. In recent years, as shown in Table 1 , an increasing number of related studies have demonstrated that the combination of low-temperature PTT and other therapeutic modalities including PDT and gas therapy or the combination of PTT and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) or antibiotics has a remarkable performance in eliminating bacteria [ 58 – 61 ].…”

“…Hence, associating PDA with other components which can endow the assembled platforms with the capacity to facilitate the efficacy of low-temperature PTT has attracted tremendous attention. For instance, Fan et al synthesized a novel nanoplatform composed of PDA NPs modified by magainin I (MagI), a typical antimicrobial peptide capable of preferentially interacting with the bacterial membrane, and thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a widely used biocompatible polymer employed to promote the NPs' dispersity and stability in hydrophilic environments [ 58 ]. After being irradiated by NIR light for only 500 s, the NPs elevated the temperature to 45°C in the suspension of Escherichia coli ( E .…”