MAGE genes: Prognostic indicators in AL amyloidosis patients

Liu, Yang; Wen, Lei; Ma, Ling; Kong, Ying; Liu, Kai‐Yan; Huang, Xiao‐Jun; Ruan, Guo‐Rui

doi:10.1111/jcmm.14475

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…MAGE family members have attracted increasing attention as biomarkers in cancer and as immunotherapy targets. In total, >40 human proteins are considered CTAs, and these are mainly locally expressed in testis tissues, and partly expressed in ovarian and placental tissues ( 4 ). MAGE proteins are normal tissue antigens that exist in testicular cells, serve an important role in the early stages of spermatogenesis and are abnormally highly expressed in cancer types that may be immunogenic ( 5 ).…”

Section: Mage Family and Its Encoded Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of the MAGE family (Review)

Shi

et al. 2021

Oncol Lett

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The melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) protein family is a group of highly conserved proteins that share a common homology domain. Under normal circumstances, numerous MAGE proteins are only expressed in reproduction-related tissues; however, abnormal expression levels are observed in a variety of tumor tissues. The MAGE family consists of type I and II proteins, several of which are cancer-testis antigens that are highly expressed in cancer and serve a critical role in tumorigenesis. Therefore, this review will use the relationship between MAGEs and tumors as a starting point, focusing on the latest developments regarding the function of MAGEs as oncogenes, and preliminarily reveal their possible mechanisms.

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Section: Mage Family and Its Encoded Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity of the MAGE family (Review)

Shi

et al. 2021

Oncol Lett

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“…Many studies have suggested that CTAs may represent valuable targets for the development of anti-cancer therapies with limited side effects [3][4][5]. Melanoma-associated genes (MAGEs) are CTAs expressed in various malignancies and have been widely studied as prognostic biomarkers [6][7][8][9]. Expression of the CTA MAGE-A3 correlates with aggressive clinical progression and drug resistance in variety of carcinomas, such as non-small cell lung carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and gastric cancer [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MAGE-A3 is a prognostic biomarker for poor clinical outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion via modulation of cell proliferation

et al. 2020

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Perineural invasion is a pathologic process of neoplastic dissemination along and invading into the nerves. Perineural invasion is associated with aggressive disease and a greater likelihood of poor outcomes. In this study, 3 of 9 patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and perineural invasion exhibited poor clinical outcomes. Tumors from these patients expressed high levels of MAGE-A3, a cancer testis antigen that may contribute to key processes of tumor development. In addition to perineural invasion, the tumors exhibited poor differentiation and deep invasion and were subsequently classified as Brigham and Women’s Hospital tumor stage 3. Cyclin E, A and B mRNA levels were increased in these tumors compared with normal skin tissues (102.93±15.03 vs. 27.15±4.59, 36.83±19.41 vs. 11.59±5.83, 343.77±86.49 vs. 95.65±29.25, respectively; p<0.05). A431 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells pretreated with MAGE-A3 antibody exhibited a decreased percentage S-phase cells (14.13±2.8% vs. 33.97±1.1%; p<0.05) and reduced closure in scratch assays (43.88±5.49% vs. 61.17±3.97%; p = 0.0058). In a syngeneic animal model of squamous cell carcinoma, immunoblots revealed overexpression of MAGE-A3 and cyclin E, A, and B protein in tumors at 6 weeks. However, knockout of MAGE-A3 expression caused a reduction in tumor growth (mean tumor volume 155.3 mm3 vs. 3.2 mm3) compared with parental cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A3 is a key mediator in cancer progression. Moreover, elevated collagen XI and matrix metalloproteases 3, 10, 11, and 13 mRNA levels were observed in poorly differentiated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion compared with normal skin tissue (1132.56±882.7 vs. 107.62±183.62, 1118.15±1109.49 vs. 9.5±5, 2603.87±2385.26 vs. 5.29±3, 957.95±627.14 vs. 400.42±967.66, 1149.13±832.18 vs. 19.41±35.62, respectively; p<0.05). In summary, this study highlights the potential prognostic value of MAGE-A3 in clinical outcomes of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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Emerging roles of the MAGE protein family in stress response pathways

Gee

Chen

Lee

et al. 2020

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins all contain a MAGE homology domain (MHD). MAGE genes are conserved in all eukaryotes and have expanded from a single gene in lower eukaryotes to approximately 40 genes in humans and mice. While some MAGEs are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, others are expressed in only germ cells with aberrant re-activation in multiple cancers. Much of the initial research on MAGEs focused on exploiting their antigenicity and restricted expression pattern to target them with cancer immunotherapy. Beyond their potential clinical application and role in tumorigenesis, recent studies have shown that MAGE proteins regulate diverse cellular and developmental pathways, implicating them in many diseases besides cancer, including lung, renal, and neurodevelopmental disorders. At the molecular level, many MAGEs bind to E3 RING ubiquitin ligases and, thus, regulate their substrate specificity, ligase activity, and subcellular localization. On a broader scale, the MAGE genes likely expanded in eutherian mammals to protect the germline from environmental stress and aid in stress adaptation, and this stress tolerance may explain why many cancers aberrantly express MAGEs. Here, we present an updated, comprehensive review on the MAGE family that highlights general characteristics, emphasizes recent comparative studies in mice, and describes the diverse functions exerted by individual MAGEs.

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MAGE genes: Prognostic indicators in AL amyloidosis patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Pathogenicity of the MAGE family (Review)

Pathogenicity of the MAGE family (Review)

MAGE-A3 is a prognostic biomarker for poor clinical outcome in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with perineural invasion via modulation of cell proliferation

Emerging roles of the MAGE protein family in stress response pathways

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