Magmatic and phreatomagmatic contributions on the ash-dominated basaltic eruptions: Insights from the April and November–December 2005 paroxysmal events at Karthala volcano, Comoros

Temporal magmatic evolution of the Fani Maoré submarine eruption 50 km east of Mayotte revealed by in situ sampling and petrological monitoring

“…Recent volcanic activity has been recorded on Grande Comore [Karthala and La Grille volcanoes, Bachèlery et al, 2016], Anjouan [Quidelleur et al, 2022], and Mayotte [Feuillet et al, 2021]. Karthala Volcano (Grande Comore Island) is one of the largest active volcanoes in the world and the second most active volcano in the Indian Ocean with four eruptions from 2005 to 2007 [Bachèlery et al, 2016, Thivet et al, 2022. New K-Ar and 14 C ages demonstrate that volcanism is still active on Anjouan, with the youngest activity around 9.6 ka [Quidelleur et al, 2022].…”

Chemistry, Growth, and Fate of the Unique, Short‐Lived (2019–2020) Water Lake at the Summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii

“…Kīlauea's 2019–2020 crater lake was unprecedented in modern times, but not geologically (Swanson et al., 2014), and future caldera collapse could contribute to the appearance of another lake. Further, though crater lakes are more common at more silicic systems along volcanic arcs (e.g., Delmelle & Bernard, 2015; Varekamp, 2015), other basaltic shield volcanoes similar to Kīlauea have had documented crater lakes (e.g., Karthala; Bachèlery et al., 2016) and recent phreatic activity (e.g., Karthala and Piton de la Fournaise; Bachèlery, 1981; Bachèlery et al., 1995; Michon et al., 2013; Ort et al., 2016; Savin et al., 2005; Thivet et al., 2020, 2022). At these volcanoes, as at Kīlauea, and at any other volcanoes that develop incipient crater lakes, future studies could consider several improvements to our methods that would help with better understanding of the controlling processes, which, in turn, may improve the assessment of potential hazards.…”

“…The difficulty in forecasting eruptive behavior around volcanic lakes is exacerbated by the fact that, as at Kīlauea in December 2020, only a few hundred meters difference in vent location may mean the difference between a potentially explosive eruption through a water lake and lava passively flowing into a lake from above. At Karthala Volcano in recent years, the difference between summit lava lake eruptions (May-June 2006, January 2007) and phreatomagmatic eruptions (April 2005, November-December 2005 has meant the difference between lava contained within the summit crater, with no threat to the local population, and widespread ashfall affecting nearly 250,000 residents, with subsequent years of lahars (Bachèlery et al, 2016).…”

Volatiles of the active Mayotte volcanic chain: STA & EGA-MS analysis of volcanic products

“…Its accessible products yield a wide range of alkaline compositions from basanite-tephrite to phonolite and exhibit a wide range of volcanic deposits (Bachèlery and Hémond, 2016;Michon, 2016). Morphological considerations have been used to infer that the main volcanism migrated in time progressively northward and westward, forming Mayotte, Anjouan, Mohéli, and finally Grande Comore Island (Michon, 2016;Tzevahirtzian et al, 2021;Thinon et al, in revision), with the last of these four islands hosting Karthala volcano, which is the most active emerged volcano of the archipelago Liuzzo et al, 2021;Thivet et al, 2022), although Holocene volcanic activity has also been recorded on Anjouan Island (Quidelleur et al, 2022).…”