Magmatic history and evolution of the Central American Land Bridge in Panama since Cretaceous times

Kinematic reconstruction of the Caribbean region since the Early Jurassic

“…and lava flows of the Azuero Protoarc Group with a geochemistry similar to CLIP material). In the Maastrichtian, the arc system matured (Lissinna et al, 2006;Buchs et al, 2010;Wegner et al, 2011). Formation of a protoarc indicates subduction initiation, formation of a western Caribbean plate boundary and therefore separation of the Farallon and Caribbean plates ).…”

Copper isotopic composition of the silicate Earth

“…(Buchs et al, 2011;Wegner et al, 2011), one of which is a strongly serpentinized cumulate rock. Back arc OIB-type alkaline basalts (<6 Ma) from north eastern Costa Rica (Abratis and Wörner, 2001) were also analyzed.…”

“…The Kamchatka arc basalts are interpreted to have originated from a heterogeneous mantle, chemically affected by adding slab-derived fluids derived from the subducting Pacific crust Münker et al, 2004). Basalts from the Central American arc are from the arc and backarc regions in southeastern Costa Rica (Abratis and Wörner, 2001) and Panama (Wegner et al, 2011).…”

Basalt source characterization in the highlands of western panama using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis

“…This tectonic activity contributed to the development of the Barú stratovolcano (3474 m) and its sets of andesitic and basaltic-andesitic flow formations that exhibit depleted quantities of heavy rare earth elements (Wegner et al, 2011). Large Pleistocene and early Holocene eruptions collapsed the western sidewall of this volcano and created a series of debris-avalanches and lahar deposits that radiated outwards for dozens of kilometers (Herrick et al, 2013).…”

“…This has raised and altered a successive series of basement formations in southern Costa Rica and western Panama, including limestones, sandstones, gabbros and granites (Bergoeing, 2007). This subduction zone is further characterized by adakitic volcanism over the last 3.5 million years (Wegner et al, 2011).…”