Magmatism and metasomatism in the formation of the Katugin Nb-Ta-REE-Zr-cryolite deposit, eastern Siberia, Russia: Evidence from zircon data

Starikova, Anastasiya E.; Doroshkevich, Anna G.; Sklyarov, Eugene V.; Donskaya, Tatyana V.; Gladkochub, Dmitriy P.; Shaparenko, Elena O.; Zhukova, Irina A.; Semenova, Dina V.; Yakovenko, Elizaveta S.; Ragozin, Alexey L.

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107557

Lithos

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107557

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Magmatism and metasomatism in the formation of the Katugin Nb-Ta-REE-Zr-cryolite deposit, eastern Siberia, Russia: Evidence from zircon data

Anastasiya E. Starikova,

Anna G. Doroshkevich,

Eugene V. Sklyarov

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

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Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

Rusak,

Shchekina,

Zinovieva

et al. 2024

Geochem. Int.

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Phase relations and the distributions of rare earth elements (REE), Sc, Y, and Li between aluminofluoride and aluminosilicate melts in the model granite system Si–Al–Na–K–Li–F–O–H were experimentally studied at 700°C, 1 and 2 kbar, and water contents of 3 to 50 wt %. Our original and available literature experimental data on phase relations in the granite system saturated with water and fluorine and containing trace elements are compared with the mineral assemblages of rare-metal cryolite-bearing granites from the Zashikhinsky, Katugin, and Ulug-Tanzek deposits in eastern Siberia. Liquid immiscibility between granite and salt aluminofluoride melts, which occurs at high contents of fluorine and lithium in the system, is proved to facilitate the accumulation of rare elements in salt cryolite-like melts. At a temperature of 700°C and pressures of 1 and 2 kbar, aluminofluoride melt in the granite system crystallizes and forms cryolite. Fluorine-bearing minerals of trace and rare earth elements, such as pyrochlore and gagarinite, occur at these deposits in association with cryolite and lithium micas. Comparison of experimental data and natural observations provides arguments in support of the hypothesis that liquid immiscibility should play an important role in the formation of cryolite. Cryolite is thought to be able to serve as a reference mineral for rare metal-rare earth mineralization in granites with high lithium and fluorine content.

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Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

Rusak,

Shchekina,

Zinovieva

et al. 2024

Geochem. Int.

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Cryolite as a reference mineral for rare metal mineralization (experimental study)

Rusak,

Shchеkina,

Zinovieva

et al. 2024

Geohimiâ

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The phase relationships and distributions of rare earth elements, Sc, Y and Li between aluminofluoride and aluminosilicate melts in the model granite system Si-Al-Na-K-Li-F-O-H at 700 °C, 1 and 2 kbar with a water content from 3 to 50 wt. %. were experimentally studied. Based on the obtained and available experimental data on phase relationships in a granite system saturated with water, fluorine and containing rare elements, a comparison was made with the parageneses of rare-metal cryolite-containing granites from three deposits in Eastern Siberia are Zashikhinsky, Katuginsky and Ulug-Tanzeksky. It has been shown that the processes of liquid immiscibility between granite and salt aluminofluoride melts, which manifest themselves at high contents of fluorine and lithium in the system, contribute to the accumulation of rare elements in salt cryolite-like melts. At a temperature of 700 °C and a pressure of 1 and 2 kbar, crystallization of the aluminofluoride melt occurs in the granite system, from which cryolite is formed. It is in association with cryolite and lithium micas that the considered natural objects contain minerals of rare and rare earth elements containing fluorine, such as pyrochlore, gagarinite, etc. As a result of a comparison of experimental and natural data, the hypothesis about the important role of liquid immiscibility in the formation of cryolite is confirmed. It is assumed that cryolite can serve as a reference mineral for rare metal-rare earth mineralization in granites with high lithium and fluorine content.

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Mineralogical, Petrographic and Geochemical Evidence for Zircon Formation Conditions Within the Burpala Massif, Northern Baikal Region

Starikova,

Malyutina,

Izbrodin

et al. 2024

Geodin. tektonofiz.

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This paper reports investigation on zircons from quartz syenite, alkaline and foid syenite, as well as metasomatic rock from the fenitization zone hosted by the Burpala massif. It is performed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), cathodoluminescence (CL), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICP MS), and Raman spectroscopy. Generally, all zircons from igneous rocks show rhythmic, crystal growth zoning or sector zoning (type I) except for some zircons from alkaline syenites (type II) showing patchy zoning. They systematically contain pores or cavities. The REE patterns of magmatic zircons share similar features: e.g. depletion of LREE ((Yb/La)N up to 35000), large positive Ce (Ce/Ce* 6–427) and small negative Eu (Eu/Eu* 0.37–0.93) anomalies. Zircons crystallized from quartz syenites at 830±30 °C at the early stage of rock formation, while zircons from alkaline and foid syenites crystallized at the later stage of rock formation (680–750 °C). Meanwhile, crystallization of zircons with rhythmic zoning (type I) occurs at later magmatic stage, while the formation zircons of type II is probably related to the separation of the highly fluorinated aqueous fluid from the residual melt.Zircons from fenites have a bipyramidal habit holding a heterogeneous mosaic core and a homogeneous (or rhythmic zoning) rim. The cores of zircon show flat REE patterns without significant anomalies, while the rims are characterized by noticeable fractionation of REE ((Yb/La)N 85–615) and show a positive Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce* 4–18). The Raman spectra of the cores show a higher degree of crystallinity than the rims, and their flat REE spectra are probably related to the contamination by micro inclusions. The discordant U-Pb age of 295±3 Ma was obtained for zircon rims, which is consistent with the age of formation of igneous rocks of the Burpala massif (298–291 Ma). The latter supports the syngenetic origin of metasomatic ore mineralization with the main stage of massif formation.

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Magmatism and metasomatism in the formation of the Katugin Nb-Ta-REE-Zr-cryolite deposit, eastern Siberia, Russia: Evidence from zircon data

Cited by 3 publications

References 96 publications

Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

Cryolite as a reference mineral for rare metal mineralization (experimental study)

Mineralogical, Petrographic and Geochemical Evidence for Zircon Formation Conditions Within the Burpala Massif, Northern Baikal Region

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