Magmatology of Mt. Pelée (Martinique, F.W.I.). I: Magma mixing and triggering of the 1902 and 1929 Pelean nuées ardentes

Gourgaud, Alain; Fichaut, Michèle; Joron, Jean-Louis

doi:10.1016/0377-0273(89)90035-8

Cited by 44 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At the start of a tectonic event, a new supply of more primitive phonotephrite magma penetrates the chamber. This supply may trigger an eruption, a scenario that has already been suggested for many eruptions of calc-alkaline volcanoes (Wyers and Barton 1986;Gourgaud et al 1989). An alternative model based on the action of volatile components is suggested by Aurisicchio et al (1988) for the clinopyroxene chemistry of the Alban Hills volcanics in the Italian Roman province.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Magma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Bag Tephra, a widespread tephrochronological marker in Middle Europe: chemical and mineralogical investigations

Pouclet¹,

Horváth

Gábris

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

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The Bag Tephra is a widespread tephra layer interbedded in Quaternary loess deposits along the Danubian valley of Hungary and Slovakia. Its age is poorly defined between 788 and 380 ka B.P. The glass and mineral composition -micropumice clasts of phono-tephrite and blocky shards of tephri-phonolite associated with two kinds of clinopyroxene, fassaitic diopside, and salite -is very distinctive. This tephra could be used as a chronological marker, as soon as its age is refined. The probable origin is the middle Italian volcanic area.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Magma Compositionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Bag Tephra, a widespread tephrochronological marker in Middle Europe: chemical and mineralogical investigations

Pouclet¹,

Horváth

Gábris

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

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“…Plinian products (fallout and pumice flow) from P1 have average porosities of 70–75 vol %. The samples collected are homogeneous and lack textural indications of mingling (e.g., presence of mafic enclaves and droplets and banded textures) such as described by Gourgaud et al [1989] in some 1902 and 1929 rocks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole rock analyses were performed on a few samples and mainly for comparative purposes because a large body of major element data is already available for Mount Pelée [ Bourdier et al , 1985; Fichaut et al , 1989a; Gourgaud et al , 1989; Smith and Roobol , 1990; Villemant et al , 1996]. Five samples (lithic and pumice clasts from the P1 surge, fallout and pumice flow from the P1 Plinian phase, and 1929 dome) were powdered and analyzed for major elements by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) and FeO by titration [ Govindaraju , 1994].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical conditions, structure, and dynamics of a zoned magma chamber: Mount Pelée (Martinique, Lesser Antilles Arc)

Pichavant¹

2002

J. Geophys. Res.

215

178

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[1] Experimental results and petrologic observations of the eruptive history of Mount Pelée are integrated, and a model for the magma storage system is presented. Recent (stage 3) Plinian and Pelean activity (P1, 650 years B.P.; 1902, 1929) erupted relatively homogeneous andesites (average 62 wt % SiO 2 ). They are porphyritic (35 -58 vol % crystals) and contain phenocrysts of plagioclase (Plag) (An 50 -90 ), orthopyroxene (Opx) (En 52 -60 ), and magnetite (Mt) ($Mt 70 ). Glasses (both interstitial and trapped) are rhyolitic (74 -77 wt % SiO 2 ). Clinopyroxene (Cpx), ilmenite (Ilm), amphibole (Amph) (mostly resorbed pargasitic hornblendes), and olivine (Ol) are present as minor phases. Products of 1902 and 1929 contain mafic enclaves (51 -59 wt % SiO 2 ) with compositions similar to basaltic andesite lavas erupted during stage 2 (40,000 -19,500 years B.P.). Conditions in the andesitic part of the magma chamber, as determined from experimental phase equilibria, do not differ between the P1, 1902, and 1929 eruptions (875 -900°C, 2 ± 0.5 kbar, ÁNNO = +0.4 -0.8, melt H 2 O content of 5.3-6.3 wt %). New experimental data on a basaltic andesite composition (53 wt % SiO 2 ) from stage 2, at 4 kbar, 950 -1025°C, for melt H 2 O concentrations from 8.3 to 2.6 wt %, and f O2 between NNO and NNO + 4 simulate crystallization in the mafic part of the chamber. Liquidus or near-liquidus Ol, An-rich Plag, Al-and Fe 3+ -rich salite and augite, pargasitic hornblende, and Al-and Mg-rich Mt have compositions close to phenocrysts in mafic products from stages 2 and 3. Experimental liquids range from basaltic andesite to dacite. Application of experimentally derived mineral-melt Al/Si and Fe/Mg partition coefficients to mineral compositions from mafic lavas and cumulates from stage 2 shows that the chamber is fed by relatively evolved parental basaltic liquids (Mg # $ 55 -60)(Mg # = Mg/(Mg + Fe T ). They have low temperatures ( 1050°C), high melt H 2 O contents (>5 -6 wt %), and f O2 (ÁNNO mostly between +1 and +2) and crystallize an Ol + Cpx + Mt assemblage followed by Plag + Amph, although Amph may have started to crystallize with Ol and Cpx. Compositions of natural glasses and amphibole in mafic cumulates and lavas record a continuous evolution from basaltic-basaltic andesite to basaltic andesite-dacite liquids. Crystal fractionation of basaltic magmas is the main process controlling the chemical diversity at Mount Pelée. Crystallization in the mafic part produces an andesitic-dacitic residual liquid which subsequently evolves to produce the andesitic part. The present-day situation is typical of low fluxes of mafic magmas in comparison with stage 2.INDEX TERMS: 3630 Mineralogy and Petrology: Experimental mineralogy and petrology; 8439 Volcanology: Physics and chemistry of magma bodies; 8414 Volcanology: Eruption mechanisms;

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“…This model proposed that injection of a small volume of hot andesite magma into a magma chamber beneath Ruapehu volcano triggered magma vesiculation and eruption. Vesiculation of a cooler, less dense melt brought about by injection of hot mafic magma into the base of a magma chamber has been implicated as a mechanism for triggering explosive eruptions at numerous other volcanic centres (Sparks et al 1977;Gourgaud et al 1989;Venesky and Rutherford 1997).…”

Section: Petrology and Geochemistry Of Pourahu Membermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taurewa Eruptive Episode: evidence for climactic eruptions at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand

Donoghue

Palmer

McClelland

et al. 1999

Bulletin of Volcanology

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The ca. 10,500 years B.P. eruptions at Ruapehu volcano deposited 0.2-0.3 km 3 of tephra on the flanks of Ruapehu and the surrounding ring plain and generated the only known pyroclastic flows from this volcano in the late Quaternary. Evidence of the eruptions is recorded in the stratigraphy of the volcanic ring plain and cone, where pyroclastic flow deposits and several lithologically similar tephra deposits are identified. These deposits are grouped into the newly defined Taurewa Formation and two members, Okupata Member (tephra-fall deposits) and Pourahu Member (pyroclastic flow deposits). These eruptions identify a brief (~ca. 2000-year) but explosive period of volcanism at Ruapehu, which we define as the Taurewa Eruptive Episode. This Episode represents the largest event within Ruapehu's ca. 22,500-year eruptive history and also marks its culmination in activity ca. 10,000 years B.P. Following this episode, Ruapehu volcano entered a ca. 8000-year period of relative quiescence. We propose that the episode began with the eruption of smallvolume pyroclastic flows triggered by a magma-mingling event. Flows from this event travelled down valleys east and west of Ruapehu onto the upper volcanic ring plain, where their distal remnants are preserved. The genesis of these deposits is inferred from the remanent magnetisation of pumice and lithic clasts. We envisage contemporaneous eruption and emplacement of distal pumice-rich tephras and proximal welded tuff deposits. The potential for generation of pyroclastic flows during plinian eruptions at Ruapehu has not been previously considered in hazard assessments at this volcano. Recognition of these events in the volcanological record is thus an important new factor in future risk assessments and mitigation of volcanic risk at Tongariro Volcanic Centre.

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Magmatology of Mt. Pelée (Martinique, F.W.I.). I: Magma mixing and triggering of the 1902 and 1929 Pelean nuées ardentes

Cited by 44 publications

References 41 publications

The Bag Tephra, a widespread tephrochronological marker in Middle Europe: chemical and mineralogical investigations

The Bag Tephra, a widespread tephrochronological marker in Middle Europe: chemical and mineralogical investigations

Physical conditions, structure, and dynamics of a zoned magma chamber: Mount Pelée (Martinique, Lesser Antilles Arc)

The Taurewa Eruptive Episode: evidence for climactic eruptions at Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand

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