Magnaporthe oryzae and Its Pathotypes: A Potential Plant Pandemic Threat to Global Food Security

Islam, Tofazzal; Ansary, Most. Waheda Rahman; Rahman, M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16503-0_18

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 289 publications

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“…Pyricularia oryzae ) (Latorre et al 2020; Latorre et al 2023). The blast fungus is one of the most devastating plant pathogens worldwide and is the causal agent of blast disease in dozens of wild and cultivated grasses (Islam et al 2023). As a species, M. oryzae is differentiated into genetic lineages that tend to be host-associated, with occasional gene flow observed between certain lineages (Couch et al 2005; Gladieux, Condon, et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages

Barragan,

Latorre,

Malmgren

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Crop disease pandemics are often driven by clonal lineages of plant pathogens that reproduce asexually. How these clonal pathogens continuously adapt to their hosts despite harboring limited genetic variation, and in absence of sexual recombination remains elusive. Here, we reveal multiple instances of horizontal chromosome transfer within pandemic clonal lineages of the blast fungus Magnaporthe (Syn. Pyricularia) oryzae. We identified a horizontally transferred 1.2Mb supernumerary mini-chromosome which is remarkably conserved between M. oryzae isolates from both the rice blast fungus lineage and the lineage infecting Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica), a wild grass that often grows in the proximity of cultivated cereal crops. Furthermore, we show that this mini-chromosome was horizontally acquired by clonal rice blast isolates through at least nine distinct transfer events over the past three centuries. These findings establish horizontal mini-chromosome transfer as a mechanism facilitating genetic exchange among different host-associated blast fungus lineages. We propose that blast fungus populations infecting wild grasses act as genetic reservoirs that drive genome evolution of pandemic clonal lineages that afflict cereal crops.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages

Barragan,

Latorre,

Malmgren

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Wheat is a major cereal crop worldwide [1], and according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 779.03 million tons of wheat were produced globally in 2021 [2]. Wheat blast is a devastating fungal disease which is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype [3,4,5]. It can cause significant reductions in wheat yield and grain quality [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can cause significant reductions in wheat yield and grain quality [6,7]. Wheat blast first emerged in Brazil in 1985 and then gradually spread to Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay [5,6,8]. Outbreaks of Disclaimer/Publisher's Note: The statements, opinions, and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from <em>Bacillus </em>spp. on <em>Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum</em> (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast

Surovy¹,

Rahman²,

Rostás³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is the causal agent of wheat blast, which has caused significant economic losses and threatens wheat production in South America, Asia and Africa. Three bacterial strains from rice and wheat seeds (B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) were used to explore the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Bacillus spp. as a potential biocontrol mechanism against MoT. All bacterial treatments significantly inhibited both mycelial growth and sporulation of MoT in vitro. We found that this inhibition was caused by Bacillus VOCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, biocontrol assays using detached wheat leaves infected with MoT showed reduced leaf lesions and sporulation compared to the untreated control. VOCs from B. velezensis BTS-4 alone or a consortium (mixture of B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) treatments consistently suppressed MoT in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the untreated control, VOCs from BTS-4 and Bacillus consortium reduced MoT lesions in vivo by 85% and 81.25%, respectively. A total of thirty-nine VOCs (from 9 different VOC groups) from 4 Bacillus treatments were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), of which 11 were produced in all Bacillus treatments. Alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, and S-containing compounds were detected in all four bacterial treatments. In vitro assays using pure VOCs revealed that hexanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and phenylethyl alcohol are potential VOCs emitted by Bacillus spp. that are suppressive for MoT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for MoT sporulation were 250 mM for phenylethyl alcohol and 500 mM for 2-methylbutanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Therefore, our results indicate that VOCs from Bacillus spp. are effective compounds to suppress the growth and sporulation of MoT. Understanding the MoT sporulation reduction mechanisms by Bacillus VOCs may provide novel options to manage the further spread of wheat blast by spores.

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“…Wheat is a major cereal crop worldwide [ 1 ], and, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 779.03 million tons of wheat were produced globally in 2021 [ 2 ]. Wheat blast is a devastating fungal disease that is caused by the Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. It can cause significant reductions in wheat yield and grain quality [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from Bacillus spp. on Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast

et al. 2023

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The Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype is the causal agent of wheat blast, which has caused significant economic losses and threatens wheat production in South America, Asia, and Africa. Three bacterial strains from rice and wheat seeds (B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) were used to explore the antifungal effects of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of Bacillus spp. as a potential biocontrol mechanism against MoT. All bacterial treatments significantly inhibited both the mycelial growth and sporulation of MoT in vitro. We found that this inhibition was caused by Bacillus VOCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, biocontrol assays using detached wheat leaves infected with MoT showed reduced leaf lesions and sporulation compared to the untreated control. VOCs from B. velezensis BTS-4 alone or a consortium (mixture of B. subtilis BTS-3, B. velezensis BTS-4, and B. velezensis BTLK6A) of treatments consistently suppressed MoT in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the untreated control, VOCs from BTS-4 and the Bacillus consortium reduced MoT lesions in vivo by 85% and 81.25%, respectively. A total of thirty-nine VOCs (from nine different VOC groups) from four Bacillus treatments were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), of which 11 were produced in all Bacillus treatments. Alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, aldehydes, and S-containing compounds were detected in all four bacterial treatments. In vitro assays using pure VOCs revealed that hexanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and phenylethyl alcohol are potential VOCs emitted by Bacillus spp. that are suppressive for MoT. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for MoT sporulation were 250 mM for phenylethyl alcohol and 500 mM for 2-methylbutanoic acid and hexanoic acid. Therefore, our results indicate that VOCs from Bacillus spp. are effective compounds to suppress the growth and sporulation of MoT. Understanding the MoT sporulation reduction mechanisms exerted by Bacillus VOCs may provide novel options to manage the further spread of wheat blast by spores.

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Magnaporthe oryzae and Its Pathotypes: A Potential Plant Pandemic Threat to Global Food Security

Cited by 6 publications

References 289 publications

Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages

Multiple horizontal mini-chromosome transfers drive genome evolution of clonal blast fungus lineages

Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from <em>Bacillus </em>spp. on <em>Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum</em> (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast

Suppressive Effects of Volatile Compounds from Bacillus spp. on Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) Pathotype, Causal Agent of Wheat Blast

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