Magnesium alloys as body implants: Fracture mechanism under dynamic and static loadings in a physiological environment

Choudhary, Lokesh; Raman, R.K. Singh

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.10.031

Cited by 169 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This involves the consideration of whether the mechanical property reduction results from the combination of applied stresses and corrosive environment, i.e., SCC, or simply is a consequence of the reduction of implant cross-section because of corrosion mechanisms. Choudhary and Raman [83] performed slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests on AZ91D alloy in modified simulated body fluid (m-SBF) at different conditions: (a) strained in air; (b) strained in m-SBF; (c) strained in air after a pre-immersion in m-SBF solution for a time as long as the time to failure of case (a); (d) continuously cathodically charged and simultaneously pulled in m-SBF. Comparing the results (Figure 3), they found a considerable reduction in mechanical properties of specimens stressed in m-SBF, leading to the conclusion that the synergistic effect of corrosive environment and mechanical loads, rather than the corrosive environment itself, mostly affects the corrosion resistance of Mg and its alloys.…”

Section: Corrosion Assisted Cracking Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical induced pits and implants' sharp contours provide the required stress concentration for the onset of such phenomena, which are described below [60,89]. Their most detrimental effect is implant failure at stresses considerably below the yield and design stresses [83], i.e., at mechanical conditions otherwise considered to be safe [75]. Such sudden failure produces serious issues to the patient, such as the need of a complicated and harmful removal of the failed implant and subsequential inflammatory responses, as well as the necessity of a new device implantation.…”

Section: Corrosion Assisted Cracking Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Exploring Corrosion and Its Interplay with Mechanical Failure

Peron

Torgersen

Berto

2017

Metals

111

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Abstract:The future of biomaterial design will rely on temporary implant materials that degrade while tissues grow, releasing no toxic species during degradation and no residue after full regeneration of the targeted anatomic site. In this aspect, Mg and its alloys are receiving increasing attention because they allow both mechanical strength and biodegradability. Yet their use as biomedical implants is limited due to their poor corrosion resistance and the consequential mechanical integrity problems leading to corrosion assisted cracking. This review provides the reader with an overview of current biomaterials, their stringent mechanical and chemical requirements and the potential of Mg alloys to fulfil them. We provide insight into corrosion mechanisms of Mg and its alloys, the fundamentals and established models behind stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. We explain Mgs unique negative differential effect and approaches to describe it. Finally, we go into depth on corrosion improvements, reviewing literature on high purity Mg, on the effect of alloying elements and their tolerance levels, as well as research on surface treatments that allow to tune degradation kinetics. Bridging fundamentals aspects with current research activities in the field, this review intends to give a substantial overview for all interested readers; potential and current researchers and practitioners of the future not yet familiar with this promising material.

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Section: Corrosion Assisted Cracking Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corrosion Assisted Cracking Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Exploring Corrosion and Its Interplay with Mechanical Failure

Peron

Torgersen

Berto

2017

Metals

111

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“…Initial testing used immersion conditions in simple NaCl solutions, but these were found to be inappropriate [42]. Subsequently, a wide range of solutions and methodologies have been explored [36,[43][44][45][46], each with advantages and limitations, although some studies still continue to use NaCl solutions [47]. Table 1 provides a comparison of the constituent elements of several commonly used in vitro immersion solution [24,[48][49][50].…”

Section: Variability Of In Vitro Testing and The Need For Standardisamentioning

confidence: 99%

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

2017

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The factors that influence magnesium (Mg) corrosion in vitro are systematically evaluated from a review of the relevant literature. We analysed the influence of the following factors on Mg biocorrosion in vitro: (i) inorganic ions, including both anions and cations, (ii) organic components such as proteins, amino acids and vitamins, and (iii) experimental parameters such as temperature, pH, buffer system and flow rate. Considerations and recommendations towards a standardised approach to in vitro biocorrosion testing are given. Several potential simulated body fluids are recommended. Implementing a standardised approach to experimental parameters has the potential to significantly reduce variability between in vitro biocorrosion tests, and to help build towards a methodology that accurately and consistently mimics in vivo corrosion. However, there are also knowledge gaps with regard to how best to characterise the in vivo environment and corrosion mechanism. The assumption that blood plasma is the correct bodily fluid upon which to base in vitro methodologies is examined, and factors that influence the corrosion mechanism in vivo, such as specimen encapsulation, bear consideration for further studies.

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“…Magnesium has an elastic modulus (41-45GPa) and density (1.74-2.0g cm -3 ) that are similar to bones (3-20GPa, 1.8-2.1g cm -3 ), which are quite biomechanically compatible [9]. The potential of Mg implants has been acknowledged in the past decades because of its high weight-strength ratio and low toxicity [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and In vivo Degradation Evaluation of Mg-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Wong

Chan

Lai

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Sci. Technol. Res.

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Biodegradable metals have attracted interest for implant applications because of the potential to eliminate secondary surgeries. Magnesium-based (Mg-based) alloys are potential candidates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo degradation performances of two custom-made magnesium-based alloys and to determine whether they are sustainable for further investigation. The performances of Magnesium-Zinc-Manganese (MgZn-Mn) alloys at 5% and 1% zinc levels were compared using a mechanical test, hydrogen evolution test, cell viability (MTT) test, and a short term mice subcutaneous implantation. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the Mg was improved by alloying. While Mg-5Zn-1Mn was more corrodible compared with Mg-1Zn-1Mn, neither of the alloys presented any adverse effects preliminarily and both were suitable for long-term testing for biomedical applications.

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Magnesium alloys as body implants: Fracture mechanism under dynamic and static loadings in a physiological environment

Cited by 169 publications

References 40 publications

Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Exploring Corrosion and Its Interplay with Mechanical Failure

Mg and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications: Exploring Corrosion and Its Interplay with Mechanical Failure

Building towards a standardised approach to biocorrosion studies: a review of factors influencing Mg corrosion in vitro pertinent to in vivo corrosion

In vitro and In vivo Degradation Evaluation of Mg-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications

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