Magnesium and other electrolytes in bovine eyeballs immersed in sea water and other fluids

Sturner, William Q.; Balko, Alex; Sullivan, J.

doi:10.1016/0300-9432(76)90057-1

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This was similar to clinical findings in saltwater near-drowning cases [25,26]. A significant elevation in the left cardiac levels of both markers compared with those in the other sites suggested the influence of saltwater aspiration [27][28][29][30]. Although an elevated serum Ca level was also observed in fire fatalities and freshwater drowning, these groups showed a higher level in the peripheral blood, suggesting an increase of skeletal muscle origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of postmortem serum calcium and magnesium levels in relation to the causes of death in forensic autopsy

Zhu

Ishikawa

Quan

et al. 2005

Forensic Science International

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of postmortem serum calcium and magnesium levels in relation to the causes of death in forensic autopsy

Zhu

Ishikawa

Quan

et al. 2005

Forensic Science International

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“…On the other hand, prolonged soaking of eyeballs in hypotonic or hypertonic solutions might also contribute to these trends in electrolyte levels. Thus, it is possible that at least two mechanisms may have contributed to the electrolyte changes found in the current study, inhalation and/or diffusion (11–13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Vitreous Humor Sodium Levels in Immersion Deaths

Byard

Summersides

2011

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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To determine whether vitreous humor sodium levels might be of use in evaluating deaths associated with immersion, samples of vitreous humor were prospectively evaluated at autopsy over a 4-year period from 2006 to 2009. There were 19 cases of saltwater immersion (age range 9-76 years; mean age 44 years; M:F, 2.8:1) and 16 freshwater immersions (age range 2-81 years; mean age 27 years; M:F, 2.2:1). In the group of saltwater drownings, vitreous humor sodium levels were elevated, ranging from 145 to 184 mM (mean = 160.2 ± 9.9 mM), and in the cases of freshwater drowning, the levels were reduced, ranging from 73 to 148 mM (mean = 129.8 ± 17 mM; p < 0.0001). Alterations in electrolyte levels may have been because of hemoconcentration or dilution from electrolyte fluxes in the lungs, or from passive diffusion during immersion. This study has demonstrated that vitreous sodium level is an easily performed test that may be a useful adjunct to the investigation of possible immersion deaths.

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Capillary Ion Electrophoresis in Forensic Science

Ferslew

Hagardorn

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Electrolyte concentrations can be determined in biological specimens by a number of analytical techniques including flame emission spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and potentiometry with an ion‐specific electrode. Capillary ion electrophoresis (CIE) is an adaptation of free zone capillary electrophoresis to a particular electrophoretic analysis of highly mobile low‐molecular‐weight ions. Vitreous humor electrolyte and nitrogenous compound concentrations are often used to determine potential antemortem disease states or the time interval between time of death and time of autopsy (postmortem interval). Potassium ion concentration in the vitreous humor increases after death, and determination of its concentration in vitreous humor is often used to estimate the postmortem interval. Lithium ion is considered valuable in the treatment of certain types of mania and major endogenous depression and is even used in the treatment of cluster headaches. The optimum dosage is best determined by monitoring serum lithium concentrations. Lithium toxicity can occur with elevated serum lithium concentrations and repeated measurement every 3 h of serum lithium concentrations is recommended for intoxicated patients to differentiate acute poisoning from chronic toxicity and to determine the best course of therapy. The development of the CIE methodology reported herein offers a different qualitative and quantitative analytical technique to detect these ions in biological fluids and tissues. Application of CIE analysis for detection and quantitation of potassium and lithium ions in biological fluids and tissues commonly collected and analyzed in clinical and forensic toxicology is described.

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Magnesium and other electrolytes in bovine eyeballs immersed in sea water and other fluids

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of postmortem serum calcium and magnesium levels in relation to the causes of death in forensic autopsy

Evaluation of postmortem serum calcium and magnesium levels in relation to the causes of death in forensic autopsy

Vitreous Humor Sodium Levels in Immersion Deaths

Capillary Ion Electrophoresis in Forensic Science

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