Magnesium as a nutritional tool of nitrogen efficient management - plant production and environment

Abstract

Nowadays, the main objectives of plant crop growers aim at two targets (i) increasing food production and (ii) simultaneously, reducing the environmental impact of increasing fertilizer nitrogen consumption. On a global scale, fertilizer nitrogen recovery ranges from 33 to 50%. The required efforts stimulating production but protecting the environment focus on increasing unit productivity of fertilizer N. Magnesium, owing to its biological functions in plants, should play a much more important role In modern agriculture controlling N economy of crop plants and, consequently, nitrogen dispersion in the environment. In Poland, arable soils are generally poor in total and available magnesium. This state can be considered as indicating the necessity of applying magnesium and then maintaining a wellfeed plant nutritional status of growing crops. Crops well supplied with magnesium since the beginning of their growth, as seen from studies on the response of sugar beets and maize, are in a position to increase nitrogen unit productivity. Cereals respond to Mg supply when a dressing treatment takes place just before the onset of flowering. Another factor significantly affecting fertilizer nitrogen recovery in Poland is soil pH. Acid soils fertilized with Mg contain increased soil exchangeable Mg levels, which in turn depress the pressure of toxic aluminum on growing crops. Improvement of the plant Mg nutritional status enables plants to incorporate some of potentially residual N into biomass, increasing biomass yield. It can therefore be concluded that magnesium, owing to its ameliorating function in arable soils, meets the main requirement of sustainable nitrogen management, both in agriculture and in the environment. AbstraktG³ówne zadania stawiane wspó³czeoenie producentom rooelin uprawnych skupiaj¹ siê na dwóch celach: (i) zwiêkszeniu produkcji ¿ywnooeci, i (ii) jednoczeoenie zmniejszeniu ujemnego wp³ywu wzrastaj¹cego poziomu nawo¿enia azotem na oerodowisko. W skali globalnej wykorzystanie azotu szacuje siê od 33 do 50%. Wymagane dzia³ania proprodukcyjne i proekologiczne skupiaj¹ siê na zwiêkszeniu jednostkowej produkcji azotu stosowanego w nawozach. W nowoczesnym rolnictwie magnez, ze wzglêdu na funkcje biologiczne w rooelinie, powinien odgrywaae du¿o wiêksz¹ rolê w kontroli gospodarki azotowej rooeliny, a tym samym rozproszenia azotu w oerodowisku. W Polsce gleby uprawne s¹ ogólnie ubogie w ca³kowity i przyswajalny magnez, co stwarza koniecznooeae stosowania nawozów magnezowych w sposób zabezpieczaj¹cy odpowiedni poziom od¿ywienia rooeliny. Rooeliny dobrze zaopatrzone w magnez od pocz¹tkowych faz rozwoju, jak wynika z reakcji buraków lub kukurydzy, s¹ w stanie istotnie zwiêkszyae jednostkow¹ produktywnooeae azotu. Zbo¿a reaguj¹ na nawo-¿enie magnezem wówczas, gdy zabieg odbywa siê tu¿ przed kwitnieniem. Drugim istotnym czynnikiem ograniczaj¹cym wykorzystanie azotu przez rooeliny uprawiane w Polsce jest odczyn gleb. Traktowanie gleb kwaoenych nawozami magnezowymi, w nastêpstwie wzrostu koncentracji wymiennego magnezu...

Mineral composition of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seeds as a tool for oil yield prognosis

“…In spite of this, the harvested YOI responded positively to magnesium fertilizers. This study confirms the hypothesis by Grzebisz et al (2010b) and Grzebisz (2013), concerning a supporting effect of applied magnesium on plant growth under conditions of a mild stress. This situation occurred just in 2008.…”

Nutritional status of winter oilseed rape in cardinal stages of growth as the yield indicator

“…However, nitrogen efficiency depends on other nutrients, which does not refer only to K, P, but also to S, Mg, and micronutrients. Therefore, the intensive production of this crop can be achieved provided a well-balanced supply of nutrients, including magnesium (Grzebisz et al 2010).…”

Evaluating Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Indices on the Background of Mineral Status of the Seed Crop at Maturity: a Case Study of Maize

“…TFP FN = 136 -7.07UPU for R 2 = 0.53 (15) The conducted divagation also showed that the classical index, i.e., agronomic efficiency, was only useful for describing the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on biomass productivity. The best model for this index can be developed to include magnesium and calcium as predictors: BE = 57.26 + 36.61TMgU -34.28TCaU…”

“…The rate of nitrogen uptake in this particular stage is driven by balanced uptake of other nutrients, such as potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium [15][16][17][18][19][20]. In modern staygreen varieties, the amount of nitrogen taken up by maize at the beginning of flowering constitutes around 50% of its final uptake [4,5,21].…”