Magnesium‐based bone implants: Immunohistochemical analysis of peri‐implant osteogenesis by evaluation of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression

Abstract

The functions of some bone proteins, as osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC), have been discovered by the latest studies. This fact suggests the possibility of their immunodetection to characterize peri-implant osteogenesis and implant impact on it. Cylindrical pins of Mg alloys (MgCa0.8, LAE442, ZEK100, LANd442) and titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) were implanted into the tibial medullae of 46 rabbits. Each group was divided regarding to implant duration (3 and 6 months). Bone samples adjacent to the implants were decalcified and treated with routine histological and immunohistochemical protocols using OC and OPN-antibodies. OC was detected in matrix of compact bone, but very rarely in osteoid and bone cells. OPN was detected intracellularly and in osteoid. After 3 months, the highest level of both markers was found in titanium group, followed by LAE442-group. In contrast to LAE442 and TiAl6V4, the other Mg alloys showed increasing levels of OC after 6 months. Lower levels of OP and OC compared to the control group are related to the continuous implant degradation and instability of bone-implant interface in early post-surgical period. Reduced marker's expression in LAE442 and TiAl6V4 groups after 6 months may indicate stabilization of bone-implant interface and completion of peri-implant neo-osteogenesis. Declining characters of OC and OPN expression over the implantation time, as well as their lowest levels in late post-surgical term, suggest a more appropriate biocompatibility of LAE442, which therefore seems to be the most preferable of the tested materials for the use in orthopaedic applications.

Staphylococcal Protein A, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and Coagulase Aggravate the Bone Loss and Bone Destruction in Osteomyelitis

“…During the process of bone formation, alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen are expressed at the early stage, both of which are important for bone matrix deposition and mineralization [2,3]. When fully differentiated, mature osteoblasts also produce regulators of matrix mineralisation including osteocalcin and osteopontin [4,5]. Osteoblasts then eventually produce receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) which acts as a signal for the recruitment, proliferation and activation of osteoclasts which initiates the resorption phase [6].…”

Differential magnesium implant corrosion coat formation and contribution to bone bonding

“…Indeed, enhanced collagen Ia1 expression after osteogenic differentiation in the presence of excess magnesium ions or early increases in osteocalcin protein levels have been observed in bone cells in the vicinity of magnesium alloy implants 15,16 . Gene expression analysis can therefore be used to detect bone precursor cell differentiation and bone formation.…”

Evaluating the osseointegration of nanostructured titanium implants in animal models: Current experimental methods and perspectives (Review)

“…5(d)]. After using a decalcification solution, [91][92][93] the samples may be processed using a routine histological paraffin-embedding technique. The most common decalcifying solution is the neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).…”

“…The most common decalcifying solution is the neutral ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). [91][92][93] Decalcification time depends on the sample size. Because the demineralization in EDTA requires approximately 8-10 weeks, alternative solutions of acids may be used to accelerate the process.…”