Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Selenium, Zinc, and Chromium Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review

Abstract

Macronutrients and trace elements are important components of living tissues that have different metabolic properties and functions. Trace elements participate in the regulation of immunity through humoral and cellular mechanisms, nerve conduction, muscle spasms, membrane potential regulation as well as mitochondrial activity and enzymatic reactions. Excessive alcohol consumption disrupts the concentrations of crucial trace elements, also increasing the risk of enhanced oxidative stress and alcohol-related liver diseases. In this review, we present the status of selected macroelements and trace elements in the serum and plasma of people chronically consuming alcohol. Such knowledge helps to understand the mechanisms of chronic alcohol-use disorder and to progress and prevent withdrawal effects, also improving treatment strategies.

Inhibition or Reversal of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cancer: Pharmacological Approaches

“…GC is a disease of a multifactorial etiology that is induced by numerous environmental and genetic factors [ 13 , 14 ]. The recognized risk factors of GC include the family history, diet, alcohol consumption [ 15 , 16 ], smoking, or Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection [ 1 ], as well as a prolonged intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) [ 17 , 18 ]. So far, Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) constitutes the major cause of GC [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Gastric carcinogenesis: a comprehensive review of the angiogenic pathways

“…Currently, more cases of the proximal GC than the distal one are observed among patients [8]. Numerous risk factors contribute to the onset of GC, among which Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, genetic factors, imbalanced diet, as well as excessive alcohol consumption, are of the highest importance [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

How to understand and help a person with borderline personality. Case report and literature review on the therapeutic possibilities

“…Wykazano, że u osób z BPD występują polimorfizmy genu FKBP5 kodującego białko biorące udział w regulacji receptorów glukokortykosteroidowych, co wpływa na dysfunkcję osi HPA [14,15]. BPD często współwystępuje z chorobą alkoholową, przy czym nadmierne spożywanie alkoholu indukuje znaczne zmiany w obrębie centralnego oraz obwodowego układu nerwowego [16][17][18][19]. Wśród czynników środowiskowych mających znaczenie w patogenezie zaburzenia borderline wymienia się fizyczną przemoc dziecięcą, nadużycia seksualne, czy zaniedbanie w dzieciństwie [20][21][22][23].…”

“…It was shown that in patients with BPD, the polymorphism of the FKBP5 gene is quite common; this gene encodes the protein that is involved in the processes that regulate glucocorticoid receptors, which ultimately has an impact on the HPA dysfunctions [14,15]. BPD usually coexists with alcohol use disorder and an excessive alcohol intake additionally induces changes within the central and peripheral nervous systems [16][17][18][19]. Among environmental factors that are crucial in the pathogenesis of BPD, physical abuse of children, sexual abuse, or negligence in childhood are usually mentioned [20][21][22][23].…”