Magnesium deficiency and osteoporosis: animal and human observations

Rude, Robert K.; Gruber, Helen E.

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.08.001

Cited by 291 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Family members affected with primary hypomagnesemia due to renal Mg wasting inherited in an autosomal dominant manner have been reported to demonstrate significant reductions in serum and lymphocyte Mg concentrations as well as decreased BMD values at the lumbar spine and proximal femur [17]. Taken together, these findings suggest that Mg deficiency might also act as a risk factor for osteoporosis [18,19]. However, other studies have failed to find the association between Mg deficiency and osteoporosis [20][21][22], and there are still controversies about this issue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, Mg deficiency could inhibit the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) [9][10][11] as well as its action on bone [11]. Accumulating data have shown that a long-term Mg deficiency and resulting hypomagnesemia could cause osteoporosis and bone fractures through these dysfunctions of PTH and vitamin D action [12,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, other studies have shown no relationship between Mg deficiency and osteoporosis [20][21][22], and it still seems to be controversial whether or not Mg deficiency could cause osteoporosis.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The relationship between osteoporosis and magnesium (Mg) deficiency is still controversial. Here we report a case of an 82-year-old woman with a giant adenomatous goiter and severe osteoporosis with multiple vertebral fractures, whose clinical course indicated that her osteoporosis was probably due to Mg deficiency. She visited our hospital for treatments of tetany. Laboratory data showed the existence of hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, vitamin D deficiency, and slightly elevated intact PTH. Intravenous administration of Mg not only improved these electrolyte abnormalities but also increased serum levels of intact PTH, bone formation markers, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, as well as bone resorption markers in the urine, and lowered urinary phosphate reabsorption. Hypomagnesemia on admission seemed to arise from long-lasting poor food intake and malnutrition, because it improved after the disappearance of dysphagia with a goiter resection. After the operation, BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck obviously increased during 6 months of Mg supplementation without any specific therapies for osteoporosis. Mg deficiency in this case seemed to cause impaired secretion of PTH from the parathyroid and the refractoriness of bone and kidney to the hormone, which led to the suppression of both bone remodeling and renal vitamin D production. These processes were probably linked to her severe osteoporosis, which was reversed by Mg supplementation. SERUM calcium levels are normally regulated within a relatively narrow range by the parathyroid gland through a negative feedback mechanism: Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by a fall in blood calcium levels enhances the mobilization of calcium, mainly by bone resorption, and then calcium levels are rapidly restored. Chronic magnesium (Mg) deficiency would result in hypocalcemia [1, 2], because of the impairment of PTH secretion [3][4][5][6][7] and/ or resistance of target organ to PTH action [4,6,8].Previous studies have demonstrated that serum PTH concentration was suppressed in patients with hypomagnesemia [4,5], and Mg substitution therapy enhanced PTH secretion and reversed PTH target-organ resistance, and thus serum calcium concentration returned to normal within several days [4,7]. In addition, Mg deficiency could inhibit the synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D) [9][10][11] as well as its action on bone [11]. Accumulating data have shown that a long-term Mg deficiency and resulting hypomagnesemia could cause osteoporosis and bone fractures through these dysfunctions of PTH and vitamin D action [12,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, other studies have shown no relationship between Mg deficiency and osteoporosis [20][21][22], and it still seems to be controversial whether or not Mg deficiency could cause osteoporosis. Here we report a patient with a giant adenomatous goiter and severe osteoporosis exhibiting hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia, whose osteoporosis was reversed by Mg supplementation with chronological improv...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

et al. 2007

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“…Indeed, despite its low concentration (generally between ~0.5 and 1.5 wt%), it plays a key role in bone metabolism, in particular during the early stages of osteogenesis where it stimulates osteoblast proliferation, [8] and its depletion causes bone fragility and bone loss. [9] Furthermore, relationships have been suggested between the magnesium content in enamel and the development of dental caries. [10] Given the biological relevance of magnesium, many research teams have worked on the preparation of apatite and calcium-phosphate implant materials containing low levels of Mg, which has been shown to improve their bioactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium incorporation into hydroxyapatite

Laurencin¹,

Almora‐Barrios²,

Leeuw³

et al. 2011

Biomaterials

315

190

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The incorporation of Mg in hydroxyapatite (HA) was investigated using multinuclear solid state NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and computational modeling. High magnetic field 43 Ca solid state NMR and Ca K-edge XAS of a ~10% Mg-substituted HA were performed, bringing direct evidence of the preferential substitution of Mg in the Ca(II) position. 1 H and 31 P solid state NMR show that the environment of the anions is disordered in this substituted apatite phase. Both Density Functional Theory (DFT) and interatomic potential computations of Mg-substituted HA structures are in agreement with these observations. Indeed, the incorporation of low levels of Mg in the Ca(II) site is found to be more favourable energetically, and the NMR parameters calculated from these optimized structures are consistent with the experimental data. Calculations provide direct insight in the structural modifications of the HA lattice, due to the strong contraction of the M•••O distances around Mg. Finally, extensive interatomic potential calculations also suggest that a local clustering of Mg within the HA lattice is likely to occur.

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“…Magnesium is the fourth most abundant ion present in the human body, where it helps to inhibit crystallization, to reduce crystal size, to decrease the proliferation and activities of osteoblast-like cells [38][39][40][41] . Therefore, magnesium deficiency can affect bone metabolism and growth, reducing osteoplastic activity and resulting in fragile bones [42][43][44][45][46] . Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) combines the effects of conventional electrolysis with micro-arc discharges that appear on the sample surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mg-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium

et al. 2017

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Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is promising for the processing of biomaterials because it enables the production of surfaces with adjustable composition and structure. In this work, aimed at the improvement of the bioactivity of titanium, PEO has been used to grow calcium phosphide coatings on titanium substrates. The effects of the addition of magnesium acetate to the electrolytes on the composition of the coatings produced during 120 s on Ti disks using bipolar voltage pulses and solutions of calcium and magnesium acetates and sodium glycerophosphate as electrolytes have been studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry with Rietveld refinement and profilometry were used to characterize the modified samples. Coatings composed of nearly 50 % of Mg-doped hydroxyapatite have been produced. In certain conditions up to 4% Mg can be incorporated into the coating without any observable significant structural modifications of the hydroxyapatite.

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Magnesium deficiency and osteoporosis: animal and human observations

Cited by 291 publications

References 66 publications

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

A Case of Magnesium Deficiency Associated with Insufficient Parathyroid Hormone Action and Severe Osteoporosis

Magnesium incorporation into hydroxyapatite

Mg-Containing Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Titanium

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