Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Pozuelo, José Manuel; Espelie, Karl E.; Kolattukudy, P. E.

doi:10.1104/pp.74.2.256

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In bean it has been reported that iron deficiency caused both inhibition of suberization and a decrease in the activity of an anionic peroxidase [37 ], and in the roots of corn it has been shown that Mg 2+ deficiency resulted in increased suberization of the cell walls of both the hypodermis and endodermis. Peroxidase activity was also higher in the roots of the Mg 2 + -deficient plants than in control plants [32].…”

Section: Southern Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Characterization and in situ localization of a salt-induced tomato peroxidase mRNA

et al. 1994

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NaCl treatment of tomato plants in hydroponic culture at concentrations as low as 50 mM resulted in enhanced accumulation of transcripts of TPX1, a full-length cDNA clone that we had isolated from a library of NaCl-treated tomato plants using a peroxidase-specific oligonucleotide probe. Although the overall amino acid sequence identity of TPX1 to other peroxidase genes was less than 45%, there was a very high degree of identity in all of the conserved domains. The deduced amino acid sequence included the presence of a N-terminal signal peptide but not the C-terminal extension present in peroxidases targeted to the vacuole. The mature protein has a theoretical pI value of 7.5. Transcripts that hybridized to TPX1 were detected only in the roots with higher levels of mRNA in epidermal and subepidermal cell layers. Isoelectric focusing of root extracts showed two major bands of peroxidase activity at pI 5.9 and 6.2. Both activities increased with salt treatment. Southern analysis indicated the presence of only a single TPX1 gene in tomato.

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Section: Southern Analysismentioning

confidence: 85%

Characterization and in situ localization of a salt-induced tomato peroxidase mRNA

et al. 1994

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“…The fact that the anionic peroxidase is localized in the same region in which the suberin polymer is deposited argues strongly that the peroxidase is involved in the biosynthesis of this polymer and that this peroxidase is most probably involved in the polymerization of the phenolic components, to form the aromatic matrix of suberin. In addition to the earlier suggestions (22,26) many recent reports have demonstrated the presence of aromatic components in suberin enriched preparations from the periderm of wound-healed potato (7), Agave americana crystal idioblasts (12), green cotton fiber (31), the endodermis and hypodermis of corn roots (24), the roots of bean (28), and-the envelopes generated by tomato locule protoplasts (25). Furthermore, histochemical tests showed both lipid and phenolic components in hypodermal and endodermal cell walls of roots (23,27,29) which have been shown chemically and ultrastructurally to be suberized (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical Localization and Time Course of Appearance of an Anionic Peroxidase Associated with Suberization in Wound-Healing Potato Tuber Tissue

Espelie¹,

Franceschi²,

Kolattukudy³

1986

Plant Physiol.

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266

109

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Thin sections of wound-healing potato tuber tissue were stained with rabbit antibody prepared against a suberization-associated anionic peroxidase and then stained with a goat anti-rabbit antibody-fluorescein conjugate. When these sections were examined with an epiilluminating fluorescence microscope, bright green fluorescent linear deposits were observed on the inner side of cell walls in the periderm layer. Initial deposits which were often not contiguous throughout the wall were first observed in some cells after 3 days of wound-healing and subsequently these layers became more pronounced so that all 6 day old periderm cells had green fluorescent layers on their inner walls. This fluorescence was not present in the walls of parenchyma cells or in the walls of periderm cells treated with preimmune serum and anti-rabbit IgG-FITC conjugate.Thin sections of wound-healing potato tissue which were stained with anti-peroxidase antibody and a goat anti-rabbit antibody-rhodamine conjugate exhibited a similar time course of development with a bright reddish-orange fluorescent layer observed on the inside wall of periderm cells. The production of this suberization-associated anionic peroxidase in wound-healing tissue was also demonstrated by an immunobinding dot blot assay which showed that the largest increase in the enzyme level occurred between 4 and 6 days of wound-healing. The present results support the hypothesis that this anionic peroxidase is involved in the deposition of the aromatic polymeric domain of suberin.

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“…Although lignification and presence of suberin lamellae might reduce the rate of water and ion uptake, a well developed exodermis should enhance the longevity of the root by helping to maintain ionic relations such as turgor during drought (Cruz et al, 1992), exclusion of Na under salinity stress (Walker et al, 1984 ;Storey & Walker, 1987 ;Reinhardt & Rost, 1995) and favourable Mg balance under Mg deficiency (Pozuelo et al, 1984). Besides ionic relations, passage cells might strongly influence both pathogenic (Kamula et al, 1994) and mycorrhizal (Smith et al, 1989 ;Peterson, 1992) fungal infection of the inner cortex.…”

Section: Costs and Benefits Of The Root Exodermismentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks that vary in specific root length

1999

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Among citrus rootstocks, higher specific root length (SRL, root length\d. wt) has been linked to several specific morphological and physiological traits, including smaller average root diameter, higher root hydraulic conductivity and higher rates of root proliferation. In this study, thickness of the outer tangential exodermal (hypodermal) wall and its suberin layer, number of passage cells, presence of epidermis, and stelar anatomy were examined and related to variation in root diameter of field roots of known maximum age. We also compared root morphology and anatomy of young roots in the field with those of potted rootstock seedlings in the glasshouse. Fibrous roots were measured separately from pioneer (framework) roots. Among the fibrous roots, only the first-order (root links having a root tip) and second-order (root links bearing first-order roots) laterals were examined. Among first-order field roots, larger root diameter was caused by larger rather than more numerous cells in the cortex. Root diameter of first-order roots was positively correlated with both number of passage cells in the exodermis and thickness of the secondary walls of the exodermis in both field and potted plants. Exodermal walls were about 80% thicker in field-than pot-grown roots. In the field, in more than 50% of the first-order roots examined less than 30% of the root surface was still covered by epidermis, with few differences among rootstocks. In contrast, in roots of 19-wk-old glasshouse plants generally 70-100% of the epidermis was still intact. There was no evidence of secondary xylem development in second-order fibrous roots in the field ; in seedling, pot-grown rootsystems, 75-97% of second-order roots had formed secondary xylem despite their small diameter ( 0n8 mm). It is argued that there can be suites of physiological, morphological and anatomical traits in roots that co-vary with specific root length. Investigations of how root morphology and anatomy are linked to root function, moreover, need to recognize trait variability and the potentially important differences between field-and potgrown (seedling) roots.

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Magnesium Deficiency Results in Increased Suberization in Endodermis and Hypodermis of Corn Roots

Cited by 29 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization and in situ localization of a salt-induced tomato peroxidase mRNA

Characterization and in situ localization of a salt-induced tomato peroxidase mRNA

Immunocytochemical Localization and Time Course of Appearance of an Anionic Peroxidase Associated with Suberization in Wound-Healing Potato Tuber Tissue

Anatomical characteristics of roots of citrus rootstocks that vary in specific root length

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