Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Chitosan based porous scaffolds are of great interest in biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility in vivo, controllable degradation rate and tailorable mechanical properties. This paper presents a study of the fabrication and characterization of bioactive scaffolds made of chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and magnesium gluconate (MgG). Scaffolds were fabricated by subsequent freezing-induced phase separation and lyophilization of polyelectrolyte complexes of CS, CMC and MgG. The scaffolds possess uniform porosity with highly interconnected pores of 50–250 μm size range. Compressive strengths up to 400 kPa, and elastic moduli up to 5 MPa were obtained. The scaffolds were found to remain intact, retaining their original three-dimensional frameworks while testing in in-vitro conditions. These scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity to 3T3 fibroblast and osteoblast cells. These observations demonstrate the efficacy of this new approach to preparing scaffold materials suitable for tissue engineering applications.

Antimicrobial Films Based on Nanocomposites of Chitosan/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide for Biomedical Applications

“…Many studies are addressing the physicochemical attributes of hybrid polymers (natural and synthetic origin), thanks to their effectiveness in overcoming the disadvantages of the naturally occurring polymer [12]. Among the fillers used are ceramic nanoparticles [13], oxides [14], and cross-linking agents [15], among other materials. However, polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) compounds are traditionally used to prepare films with improved properties, because PVA is biocompatible, which allows its use in clinical applications, membrane fabrication and tissue repair [16].…”

Macroporous chitosan/methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) based cryosponges with unique morphology for tissue engineering applications

“…1). To determine the matrix hydration (MH), the scaffolds were then placed on a lab tissue paper to drain the excess medium until constant weight is obtained 74 (Eq. 2).…”

3D Tissue Engineered in Vitro Models of Cancer in Bone

“…44 Chitosan is a natural polymer that is renewable, osteoconductive, 45 biodegradable, biocompatible, non-antigenic, nontoxic, and biofunctional. 46 However, chitosan, like alginate, lacks the proper mechanical strength for hard tissue engineering applications, such as bone modeling. Therefore, these materials are commonly reinforced with various ceramic phases like ollastonite, hydroxyapatite, and beta tricalcium phosphate.…”