Magnesium measures across the menstrual cycle in premenstrual syndrome

Rosenstein, Donald L.; Elin, Ronald J.; Hosseini, Jeanette M.; Grover, G N; Rubinow, David R.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90103-1

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Pyridoxine deficiency has already been suggested as a cause of PMS [27,28]. Magnesium hypoactivity has also been associated with different pathological states such as PMS, since magnesium levels are closely related to the activity and secretion of gonadal hormones and this may contribute towards the genesis of this condition [29,30]. Nonetheless, the clinical success obtained with some of these nutrients may be partially related to their effects on essential fatty acid metabolism and PGE 1 production, since the delta-6 desaturase enzyme requires the presence of zinc, magnesium and insulin to exert its effect, while the formation of gamma-linolenic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids requires pyridoxine as a cofactor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids for premenstrual syndrome and their effect on prolactin and total cholesterol levels: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study

et al. 2011

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) using a graded symptom scale and to assess the effect of this treatment on basal plasma levels of prolactin and total cholesterol.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 120 women with PMS divided into three groups and treated with 1 or 2 grams of the medication or placebo. Symptoms were recorded over a 6-month period using the Prospective Record of the Impact and Severity of Menstruation (PRISM) calendar. Total cholesterol and prolactin levels were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's chi-square test, Wilcoxon's nonparametric signed-rank test for paired samples and the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test for independent samples were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsThere were no differences in age, marital status, schooling or ethnicity between the groups. In the group treated with 1 gram of the medication, a significant reduction was found when the median PRISM score recorded in the luteal phase at baseline (99) was compared with the median score recorded in the 3rd month (58) and in the 6th month of evaluation (35). In the 2-gram group, these differences were even more significant (baseline score: 98; 3rd month: 48; 6th month: 28). In the placebo group, there was a significant reduction at the 3rd but not at the 6th month (baseline: 96.5; 3rd month: 63.5; 6th month: 62). The difference between the phases of the menstrual cycle was greater in the 2-gram group compared to the group treated with 1 gram of the medication. There were no statistically significant differences in prolactin or total cholesterol levels between baseline values and those recorded after six months of treatment.ConclusionThe difference between the groups using the medication and the placebo group with respect to the improvement in symptomatology appears to indicate the effectiveness of the drug. Improvement in symptoms was higher when the 2-gram dose was used. This medication was not associated with any changes in prolactin or total cholesterol levels in these women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids for premenstrual syndrome and their effect on prolactin and total cholesterol levels: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study

et al. 2011

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“…109–111 Such differences are not limited, however, to the luteal phase, which renders it difficult to interpret the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of PMDD. 111 …”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Research and Treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Cunningham

Yonkers

O’Brien

et al. 2009

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

154

114

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Many women in their reproductive years experience some mood, behavioral. or physical symptoms in the week prior to menses. Variability exists in the level of symptom burden in that some women experience mild symptoms, whereas a small minority experience severe and debilitating symptoms. For an estimated 5%–8% of premenopausal women, work or social functioning are affected by severe premenstrual syndrome. Many women in this group meet diagnostic criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Among women who suffer from PMDD, mood and behavioral symptoms such as irritability, depressed mood, tension, and labile mood dominate. Somatic complaints, including breast tenderness and bloating, also can prove disruptive to women's overall functioning and quality of life. Recent evidence suggests that individual sensitivity to cyclical variations in levels of gonadal hormones may predispose certain women to experience these mood, behavioral, and somatic symptoms. Treatments include: antidepressants of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor class, taken intermittently or throughout the menstrual cycle; medications that suppress ovarian cyclicity; and newer oral contraceptives with novel progestins. (Harv Rev Psychiatry 2009;17:120–137.)

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“…Deficiencies in plasma (Posaci et al 1994), red blood cell (RBC; Abraham et al 1981;Rosenstein et al 1994;Sherwood et al 1986;Stewart et al 1986), and mononuclear blood cell (MBC; Rosenstein et al 1994) Mg concentrations have been observed in women with PMS relative to women without PMS. Additionally, two placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective clinical trials of oral Mg supplementation in women with PMS found that Mg was superior to placebo in the alleviation of mood (Facchinetti et al 1991) and fluid retention symptoms (Walker et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%