Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease

Liu, Man; Dudley, Samuel C.

doi:10.3390/antiox9100907

Cited by 97 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 300 publications

(494 reference statements)

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“…Mechanical forces [ 2 ] as well as a multitude of different soluble molecules induce endothelial dysfunction [ 1 ]. Alterations of magnesium (Mg) homeostasis contribute to cardiovascular diseases [ 3 ] and, in particular, to atherogenesis. Indeed, low Mg induces the acquisition of a pro-atherogenic phenotype in EC in vivo and in vitro .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Deficiency Induces Lipid Accumulation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Oxidative Stress—The Potential Contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ

Locatelli

Fedele

Castiglioni

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Background: Magnesium deficiency contributes to atherogenesis partly by promoting the dysfunction of endothelial cells, which are critical in vascular homeostasis and diseases. Since EDF-1 and PPARγ regulate crucial endothelial activities, we investigated the modulation of these proteins involved in lipogenesis as well the deposition of lipids in human endothelial cells cultured in different concentrations of magnesium. Methods: Human endothelial cells from the umbilical vein were cultured in medium containing from 0.1 to 5 mM magnesium for 24 h. The levels of EDF-1 and PPARγ were visualized by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by DCFDA. Lipids were detected after O Red Oil staining. Results: Magnesium deficiency leads to the accumulation of ROS which upregulate EDF-1. Further, PPARγ is increased after culture in low magnesium, but independently from ROS. Moreover, lipids accumulate in magnesium-deficient cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that magnesium deficiency leads to the deposition of lipids by inducing EDF-1 and PPARγ. The increase in intracellular lipids might be interpreted as an adaptive response of endothelial cells to magnesium deficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium Deficiency Induces Lipid Accumulation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Oxidative Stress—The Potential Contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ

Locatelli

Fedele

Castiglioni

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…These measurements were collected again at 60- and 120-min after drink consumption. Supplementation was over-the-counter Mg citrate supplements ([ 25 ] Wellness, Australia) either 3 × 150 mg for men or 2 × 150 mg for women. The dose was equivalent to 300 mg/day for women and 450 mg/day for men, with the aim of meeting the Australian recommended daily intake (RDI) of 400–420 mg/day and 310–320 mg/day for men and women, respectively [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acute Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomized Cross-Over Pilot Study

Murphy

Byrne

Keogh

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Magnesium (Mg) deficiency might be a catalyst in the process of endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of an oral Mg supplement as compared to control on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Nineteen participants (39 years, body mass index (BMI) 22.9 kg/m2) completed this randomized cross-over study. Blood pressure (BP) and FMD were measured and blood samples were taken before participants drank 200 mL water, with or without an over the counter Mg supplement (450 mg and 300 mg for men and women). Measurements were repeated at 60 and 120 min. There was a statistically significant two-way interaction between treatment and time on serum Mg (p = 0.037). A difference of −0.085 mm in FMD was observed 60-min post drink in the control group, as compared to baseline FMD, and no difference was observed in the supplement group as compared to baseline. Despite the non-significant interaction between treatment and time on FMD, once adjusted for baseline, the difference seen in the control group and the lack of change in the supplement group at 60 min post-drink suggests that Mg might attenuate the reduction in FMD post-prandially.

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“…Furthermore, magnesium deficiency has a negative impact on the energy generation needed by mitochondria to ATP synthesis and also reduces the general antioxidant capability of cells, which may promote aging due to damage caused by free radical. Both chronic inflammation and oxidative stress were identified as important factors in aging and in several age-related diseases, including metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular pathologies, where a marked magnesium deficiency has been observed [ 193 , 194 , 195 ]. Related to this, in an in vitro model of induced neurodegeneration, it was observed that cell viability correlated significantly with magnesium concentrations.…”

Section: Contribution Of Micronutrients To the Therapy Of Oxidative/inflammatory Diseases Through Their Mitochondrial Actionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases

et al. 2021

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Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.

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Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 97 publications

References 300 publications

Magnesium Deficiency Induces Lipid Accumulation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Oxidative Stress—The Potential Contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ

Magnesium Deficiency Induces Lipid Accumulation in Vascular Endothelial Cells via Oxidative Stress—The Potential Contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ

The Acute Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Randomized Cross-Over Pilot Study

Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases

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