Magnesium

Amundsen, Ketil; Aune, Terje Kr.; Bakke, Per; Eklund, Hans R.; Haagensen, Johanna Ö.; Nicolás, Carlos; Rosenkilde, Christian; Bremt, Sia Van den; Wallevik, Oddmund

doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_559

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ] have been largely used in industrial applications (Amundsen et al 2000;Fruhwirth et al 1985;Johnson and Liu 2013), and the majority of literature on them focused on their microstructure, properties, and performance in non-biological environments. MgO is very stable at high temperatures in oxidizing and reducing atmospheres up to 2300°C and 1700°C, respectively and is a model for crystalline cubic structure, with a high degree of perfection (Amundsen et al 2000). Its stability at these conditions led to the statements in most textbooks that MgO is generally Bstable^and Brelatively inert^as metal oxides (Atkins 2010;Cotton and Wilkinson 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in physiologically relevant fluids

et al. 2018

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Magnesium oxide (MgO) and hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ] are conventionally considered insoluble in water and stable at high temperatures. However, in this study, we found significant dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH) 2 into ions when they were immersed in different physiologically relevant solutions in the form of 20nm and 10-nm nanoparticles respectively, under standard cell culture conditions in vitro, i.e., a 37°C, 5% CO 2 /95% air, sterile, humidified environment. The change in Mg 2+ ion concentrations and pH measured in the physiologically relevant solutions (e.g., Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM), simulated body fluid (SBF), relevant chloride solutions, and deionized water) confirmed their dissociation. Possible mechanisms and contributing factors for dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles were discussed. The evidence suggests that nucleophilic substitution of OH − by Cl − in Mg(OH) 2 is energetically unfavorable and it is more likely that Cl − plays a role in the stabilization of intermediate forms of MgO and Mg(OH) 2 as it dissociates. The pH and buffering capability of the immersion solutions might have played the most significant role in dissociation of these nanoparticles when compared with the roles of chloride (Cl − ), proteins, and different buffering agents. This article provided the first evidence on the dissociation of MgO and Mg(OH) 2 nanoparticles in physiologically relevant conditions and elucidated possible factors contributing to the observed behaviors of these nanoparticles in vitro, which is important for their potential medical applications in vivo. Keywords Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles . Magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH) 2 ] nanoparticles . Biofluids . Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) . Simulated body fluid (SBF) . HEPES buffer . Chloride (Cl − ) solutions

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hygroscopic nature of MgO and its transition to Mg(OH) 2 are often mentioned alongside a statement in textbooks that MgO is generally stable (Fruhwirth et al 1985;Láska et al 1993;Refson et al 1995). Conventionally, Mg(OH) 2 is known to be insoluble in water and stable at temperatures up to 300°C (Amundsen et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in physiologically relevant fluids

et al. 2018

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“…The aerospace industry has taken advantage of the lightness of TABLE 1. Approximate date of first widespread use of common metals (Killick, 2001;Amundsen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Low Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminum: History, Technology, and Conservation

2019

Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation

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The current volume brings together papers presented at the 2014 “Aluminum: History, Technology and Conservation” conference held at the Smithsonian Institution’s American Art Museum; the conference was followed by a hands-on workshop held at the National Air and Space Museum’s Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, which utilized the museum’s collections to illustrate aluminum’s use, conservation challenges, and repair techniques as well as to introduce participants to analytical techniques such as X-ray fluorescence for the identification of aluminum alloys and finishes. The three day international conference and two-day workshop were co-hosted with the Smithsonian Institution, the Foundation for the American Institute for Conservation and the International Council of Museums Committee for Conservation Metals Working Group. An unprecedented group of speakers, organizers, and sponsors made possible the first ever conservation conference solely dedicated to aluminum. The conference featured presentations by twenty-seven speakers from Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America who explored various aspects of degradation phenomena and conservation strategies for aluminum objects, from sculpture to aircraft, from nineteenth-century jewelry to underwater archaeological objects. The proceedings are divided into eight categories and represent the various themed sessions: the history and manufacturing of aluminum, corrosion and deterioration, characterization and identification, conservation of archaeological objects, conservation and use in contemporary art, conservation of architectural elements, surface treatments and inhibition, and preventative conservation.

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“…On the cathode side, vanadium, sulfur, or molybdenum based electrodes as previously investigated for lithium based batteries may be used, all of which are cobalt‐free and consequently avoid socio‐economic problems related to the use of cobalt ,. Furthermore, magnesium is much more abundant than lithium (Mg: 2.1 % of the earth's crust by weight; Li: 0.006 %) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, while magnesium is highly reactive, it passivates rapidly, which makes it much safer than lithium metal, as battery failures or accidents will less likely expose reactive metal to the environment ,,. All of the above make magnesium based batteries the possible next stage of battery technology, surpassing lithium‐ion batteries in terms of capacity, safety, and socio‐ecologic impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zwitterionic Liquid Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

Tröger‐Müller

Liedel

2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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Rechargeable magnesium batteries are promising energy storage devices due to their high theoretical capacity. However, currently a crucial hindrance for their realization is the limited number of suitable electrolytes, all of which show severe disadvantages. We circumvent volatility, flammability, and instability issues of other systems by presenting an electrolyte based on magnesium borohydride and the zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazol‐2‐ylidene borane. We investigate the structure and properties of the electrolyte and compare it to a similar conventional system. Pronounced intermolecular interactions in the new electrolyte are investigated by 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy. We also characterize galvanostatic cycling and deposition of magnesium on different electrodes and analyze the deposited material. Because of high reversibility and stability of the ZIL based electrolyte system, it shows promising potential for future magnesium based batteries.

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Magnesium

Abstract: The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties … Show more

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Dissociation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in physiologically relevant fluids

Dissociation of magnesium oxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles in physiologically relevant fluids

Aluminum: History, Technology, and Conservation

A Zwitterionic Liquid Electrolyte for Magnesium Batteries

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