Magnesium substitution in brushite cements for enhanced bone tissue regeneration

Abstract

We have synthesized calcium phosphate cements doped with different amounts of magnesium (Mg-CPC) with a twofold purpose: i) to evaluate in vitro the osteoblast cell response to this material, and ii) to compare the bone regeneration capacity of the doped material with a calcium cement prepared without magnesium (CPC). Cell proliferation and in vivo response increased in the Mg-CPCs in comparison with CPC. The Mg-CPCs have promoted higher new bone formation than the CPC (p < 0.05). The cytocompatibility and histomorfometric analysis performed in the rabbit calvaria showed that the incorporation of magnesium ions in CPC improves osteoblasts proliferation and provides higher new bone formation. The development of a bone substitute with controllable biodegradable properties and improved bone regeneration can be considered a step towards personalized therapy that can adapt to patient needs and clinical situations.

Bone grafting materials in critical defects in rabbit calvariae. A systematic review and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines

“…Studies performed in rabbit calvariae have found that defects of over 15 mm can be considered critical (Hollinger et al 1989;Hollinger & Kleinschmidt 1990;Schmitz & Hollinger, 1996). The present review found that 15 mm defects were frequently used in the studies included (Kleinschmidt et al 1993;Clokie et al 2002;Kroese-Deutmanx et al 2006;Hadad et al 2006;Nagata et al 2009;Di Bella et al 2008;Humber et al 2010;Ma et al 2010;Dumas et al 2012;Gomes et al 2012;Kim et al 2012;Oliveira et al 2013), but some used smaller defects (Wong & Rabie 1999;Pripatnanont et al 2007;Moxham et al 2007;Pripatnanont et al 2009;Borie et al 2011;Lin et al 2013;Calvo-Guirado et al 2014;Cabrejos Azama et al (2014).…”

“…N/P: Data were not provided in the results. Eight studies reported the defect closure; meanwhile, 13 studies lack the evaluation of the defect closure cal up to a 12-week period (Wong & Rabie 1999;Moxham 2007;Pripatnanont et al 2009;Borie et al 2011;Lin et al 2013;Calvo-Guirado et al 2014;Cabrejos-Azama et al 2014).…”

Porous 3D implants of degradable poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate used to enhance regeneration of rat cranial defect

“…Calcium phosphate cements doped with magnesium were seeded with MG‐63 osteoblasts and implanted into rabbit cranial defects. At 8 weeks, new tissue was formed in the defect site, but the defect did not heal completely . Cowan et al studied the regeneration potential of the MSCs cultured on the polylactide/hydroxyapatite scaffolds and implanted to the mouse cranial defect; at 12 weeks, the defect was completely regenerated.…”

“…At 8 weeks, new tissue was formed in the defect site, but the defect did not heal completely. 47 Cowan et al 48 studied the regeneration potential of the MSCs cultured on the polylactide/ hydroxyapatite scaffolds and implanted to the mouse cranial defect; at 12 weeks, the defect was completely regenerated. Simvastatin loaded gelatin-nanofibrillar cellulose-b tricalcium phosphate (GNTS) hydrogel scaffolds 49 and systems composed of segmented polyurethane, poly[lactic-co-glycolic acid], and b-tricalcium phosphate in conjunction with rhBMP-2 implanted into 8-mm rat cranial defects generated only 60% bone tissue over 12 weeks.…”

Tunable Degradation Rate and Favorable Bioactivity of Porous Calcium Sulfate Scaffolds by Introducing Nano-Hydroxyapatite

“…The nHAp played an important role in the apatite formation, which was able to serve as the nucleation site for the apatite crystal growth in SBF. The apatite layer in the biological environment could greatly promote the formation of strong bone bonds between the scaffolds and bone tissues, as well as bone regeneration progress [34,35]. Besides, the apatite, covering the scaffolds, slowed the degradation rate of the scaffolds by reducing its contact with the soaking solution.…”