Magnesium: The Fifth but Forgotten Electrolyte

Elin, Ronald J.

doi:10.1093/ajcp/102.5.616

Cited by 252 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…variety of biological processes (Elin 1994), and there are at least 300 Mg-dependent enzymes (Williams 1993;Cowan 1995). Given its diverse roles in biology, understanding how cells maintain Mg homeostasis is of fundamental importance.…”

Section: Agnesium (Mg) Is a Critical Factor In A Widementioning

confidence: 99%

MNR2 Regulates Intracellular Magnesium Storage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Pisat

Pandey²,

MacDiarmid

2009

Genetics

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Magnesium (Mg) is an essential enzyme cofactor and a key structural component of biological molecules, but relatively little is known about the molecular components required for Mg homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. The yeast genome encodes four characterized members of the CorA Mg transporter superfamily located in the plasma membrane (Alr1 and Alr2) or the mitochondrial inner membrane (Mrs2 and Lpe10). We describe a fifth yeast CorA homolog (Mnr2) required for Mg homeostasis. MNR2 gene inactivation was associated with an increase in both the Mg requirement and the Mg content of yeast cells. In Mg-replete conditions, wild-type cells accumulated an intracellular store of Mg that supported growth under deficient conditions. An mnr2 mutant was unable to access this store, suggesting that Mg was trapped in an intracellular compartment. Mnr2 was localized to the vacuole membrane, implicating this organelle in Mg storage. The mnr2 mutant growth and Mg-content phenotypes were dependent on vacuolar proton-ATPase activity, but were unaffected by the loss of mitochondrial Mg uptake, indicating a specific dependence on vacuole function. Overexpression of Mnr2 suppressed the growth defect of an alr1 alr2 mutant, indicating that Mnr2 could function independently of the ALR genes. Together, our results implicate a novel eukaryotic CorA homolog in the regulation of intracellular Mg storage.

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Section: Agnesium (Mg) Is a Critical Factor In A Widementioning

confidence: 99%

MNR2 Regulates Intracellular Magnesium Storage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Pisat

Pandey²,

MacDiarmid

2009

Genetics

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“…The higher magnesium intake can be explained by the higher consumption of magnesium-rich food in women following a plantbased diet compared to the control group. However, the higher dietary magnesium intake was not associated with a concurrent higher magnesium concentration in serum but serum magnesium concentrations are strictly regulated by the kidney (Elin, 1994). RBC magnesium was only slightly higher in low-meat eaters when compared to controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Long-term effect of a plant-based diet on magnesium status during pregnancy

et al. 2004

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Objective: To compare dietary magnesium intake and magnesium concentrations in serum, red blood cells (RBC) and urine during pregnancy of women habitually following a long-term plant-based diet and of women following an average Western (control) diet. Design: Prospective study during pregnancy. Setting: Giessen, Germany. Subjects: Healthy pregnant women (n ¼ 108) in their 9-12th, 20-22nd and 36-38th gestational week habitually following a plant-based diet for more than 3 y or an average Western diet. The vegetarians were subdivided into ovo-lacto vegetarians (n ¼ 27) and low-meat eaters (n ¼ 43). Results: Significant higher dietary magnesium intakes were observed in pregnant women consuming a plant-based diet (508714 mg/day for ovo-lacto vegetarians, Po0.001 and 504711 mg/day for low-meat eaters, Po0.001) than in pregnant women consuming a control diet (41279 mg/day). Serum magnesium concentrations were similar in all diet groups whereas RBC magnesium was slightly higher in low-meat eaters than in controls (P ¼ 0.058). Urinary magnesium excretion was higher in ovo-lacto vegetarians (P ¼ 0.023), followed by low-meat eaters (P ¼ 0.017) when compared to the control group. During the third trimester of pregnancy, the frequency and the occurrence of calf cramps was lower in the plant-based diet group than in the control group (P ¼ 0.004 and 0.008). Conclusions: Owing to a higher dietary magnesium intake confirmed by higher urinary magnesium excretion, habitual plantbased diets result in a slightly improved magnesium status during pregnancy and reduce the frequency of calf cramps during the third trimester of pregnancy compared to an average Western diet. Therefore, plant-based diets during pregnancy can be recommended with regard to magnesium supply.

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“…Part of this magnesium is in equilibrium in an exchangeable way with the extracellular magnesium, and may serve as a reservoir for maintaining a normal extracellular magnesium concentration; so that at reduced plasma concentration, magnesium can be rapidly released from the bone surface and at increased plasma concentrations magnesium remains bound to the surface of bone (Elin, 1994). However, experimental evidences that dietary magnesium influences the development of peak bone mass are scarce.…”

Section: Magnesiummentioning

confidence: 99%