Magnesium Toxicity as a Cause of Hypotension and Hypoventilation

Fässler, Caroline; Rodriguez, R. Michael; Badesch, David B.; Stone, William J.; Marini, John J.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1985.00360090068012

Cited by 61 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Potential harmful effects of elevated Mg include altered nerve conduction velocity, increased pruritus, and alterations to osseous metabolism and parathyroid gland function (mineralization defects, contribution to osteomalacic renal osteodystrophy and adynamic bone disease) [40] . Serum Mg levels greater than 10 mg/dl may also cause refractory hypotension [41] , bradycardia, CNS depression, muscle weakness and paralysis with secondary respiratory failure [42] , bowel hypomotility and hypocalcemia [43] .…”

Section: The Beneficial Effect Of Mg In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Kanbay¹,

Goldsmith

Uyar

et al. 2010

Blood Purif

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease, which is partly explained by the fact that 40–70% of patients receiving dialysis have significant coronary artery disease. Recent clinical studies have shown that lower serum magnesium (Mg) levels are associated with vascular calcification and cardiovascular mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). On the other hand, hypermagnesemia inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion, which is considered an important independent risk factor for vascular calcification, left ventricular hypertrophy and mortality in ESRD patients. Finally, increasing evidence points towards a link between Mg and cardiovascular disease, even in subjects without chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this review was to critically review the current literature examining the effects of plasma Mg levels on cardiovascular disease and parathyroid hormone homeostasis in ESRD, and renal transplant patients.

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Section: The Beneficial Effect Of Mg In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Kanbay¹,

Goldsmith

Uyar

et al. 2010

Blood Purif

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“…In fact, magnesium is a cation with modulatory effects on the contractile state of smooth muscle cells in various tissues : hypomagnesaemia leads to contraction [3,4] and hypermagnesaemia leads to relaxation [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchial reactivity and intracellular magnesium: a possible mechanism for the bronchodilating effects of magnesium in asthma

Domínguez¹,

Barbagallo²,

LORENZO³

et al. 1998

Clinical Science

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1. Increased bronchial smooth muscle contractility with consequent bronchial hyperreactivity are characteristic physiopathological events of asthma. Since magnesium intervenes in calcium transport mechanisms and intracellular phosphorylation reactions, it constitutes an important determinant of the contraction/relaxation state of bronchial smooth muscle. In the present study we investigated the relationship between bronchial reactivity, assessed by methacholine-provocation test, and magnesium concentrations both at extracellular and intracellular levels measured by spectrophotometry. Twenty-two patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and 38 non-asthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis (24 allergic to Parietaria pollen and 14 allergic to Grass pollen) were recruited to the study. Exclusion criteria included renal failure, hepatic diseases, heart failure and arterial hypertension. 2. The salient finding of our study is that there is a strong positive correlation between bronchial reactivity and the level of intracellular magnesium (r=0.72, P<0.0001), both when the groups are analysed separately or together. Intracellular magnesium concentrations in the group of patients with asthma were significantly lower (1.8+/-0. 01 mmol/l; n=22) when compared with levels in rhinitis subjects allergic to Parietaria (1.9+/-0.01 mmol/l; n=24, P<0.05), and with levels in rhinitis subjects allergic to Grass pollen (2.0+/-0.03 mmol/l; n=14, P<0.05). Serum levels of the ion were similar in all groups. 3. We conclude that the level of intracellular magnesium may be an important determinant of bronchial hyperreactivity, as supported by the significant positive correlation between these two parameters in allergic patients with known bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This finding, in addition to reports of the bronchodilating effects of magnesium administration in patients with asthma, confirms the proposed role of this ion in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma.

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“…8,9 However, several cases of hypermagnesemia from enteral magnesium intake in patients with normal renal function have been reported. 10,11 Magnesium is primarily absorbed in the small intestine, and with normal renal function, excess magnesium is efficiently eliminated in the urine. 12 Clinically significant hypermagnesemia occurs when the capacity for renal magnesium elimination is exceeded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Hypermagnesemia in a Child Treated With Megavitamin/Megamineral Therapy

2000

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ABSTRACT. We report a case of fatal hypermagnesemia resulting from the unsupervised use of high doses of magnesium oxide administered as part of a regimen of megavitamin and megamineral therapy to a child with mental retardation, spastic quadriplegia, and seizures. The treatment regimen was given at the recommendation of a dietician working as a private nutritional consultant without the involvement or notification of the child's pediatrician. Hypermagnesemia is an uncommon but serious side effect of the use of magnesium containing compounds. These compounds are widely used as laxatives and dietary supplements, and serious side effects are uncommon when used in appropriate dosages and with adequate supervision.The use of alternative medical therapies, including megavitamin/megamineral therapy, is widespread. Many patients use alternative medicine or seek care from alternative medicine practitioners without the recommendation or knowledge of their primary physicians. Despite unproved benefit, many alternative therapies may be safe. However, unsupervised use of generally safe treatments can result in serious side effects. This case report serves to illustrate the characteristic pathophysiologic changes of severe hypermagnesemia, an entity rarely seen in pediatric practice, and more importantly, it alerts primary care and subspecialty pediatricians to be aware of and monitor the use of alternative medical therapies in their patients. Pediatrics 2000;105(2). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/105/2/e18; magnesium, alternative medicine, toxicity.

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Magnesium Toxicity as a Cause of Hypotension and Hypoventilation

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Magnesium in Chronic Kidney Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Bronchial reactivity and intracellular magnesium: a possible mechanism for the bronchodilating effects of magnesium in asthma

Fatal Hypermagnesemia in a Child Treated With Megavitamin/Megamineral Therapy

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