Magnet Injuries in Children: An Analysis of the National Poison Data System from 2008 to 2019

Middelberg, Leah K.; Funk, Alexandra R.; Hays, Hannah L.; McKenzie, Lara B.; Rudolph, Bryan; Spiller, Henry A.

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.01.052

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since the first report of magnet ingestion by McCormick et al in 2002 (4), many reports describing the clinical picture, complications, and management have been published (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare earth metals, such as neodymium, are highly powered magnets commonly used in industry, mainly because of their impressive strength-to-size ratio. The bounding strength is 5-30 times that of a conventional magnet (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). General Motors and Sumitomo Special Metals (Japan) invented these special magnets in 1982, and these have been widely used in toys, kitchen utensils, desk items, and many household products (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bounding strength is 5-30 times that of a conventional magnet (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). General Motors and Sumitomo Special Metals (Japan) invented these special magnets in 1982, and these have been widely used in toys, kitchen utensils, desk items, and many household products (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Magnet pieces attract each other across the walls of the gastrointestinal tract, causing ischemia, tissue necrosis, perforation, fistula formation, obstruction, peritonitis, or death (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many professional health organizations recognize the risk of magnet ingestion and recommend immediate medical consultation (9). Various management options have been reported, and there is no consensus on the ideal management (7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention

Altokhais

2021

Front. Pediatr.

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Purpose: Foreign body ingestion is common in children, and most foreign bodies pass spontaneously without causing serious injuries. Ingestion of multiple high-power magnet pieces is unique and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The longer the duration of ingestion, the increased likelihood of complications. Various management options have been reported, and there is no consensus on the ideal management which necessitates the need for a practical algorithm. The incidence of magnet ingestion has been increasing and directly related to the laws and recalls. The aim of this review is to provide an easy and practical pathway for management and to highlight the preventive rules of the legislations and recalls.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the list of references from all identified complete publications were searched for all publications in English-language for pediatric magnet ingestion.Conclusion: Practical and time-saving management pathways are recommended to minimize the risk of complications. Preventive rules and recalls are important for eliminating the availability of these hazardous magnets. Public awareness about the unique risks posed by these magnets if ingested is important.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neodymium Vs Conventional Magnetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention

Altokhais

2021

Front. Pediatr.

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偶発的に発見した小児複数磁石誤飲の1例(A case of incidental X–ray finding of ingestion of multiple magnets in a child)

恵介,

朋子,

隆行

et al. 2024

Nihon Kyukyu Igakukai Zasshi: Japanese Journal of Japanese Asso

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要旨小児の異物誤飲は日常よく経験する。多くは自然排出が期待でき，手術などの侵襲的処置を要する症例は多くない。しかし複数の磁石誤飲は消化管穿孔や腸閉塞の危険性が高く，緊急処置を要した報告が多い。今回，交通事故を契機に，複数のネオジム磁石誤飲を偶発的に発見し，消化管穿通・瘻孔形成を認めた小児の症例を経験したため報告する。症例は2歳の女児。交通事故で救急搬送され，外傷はなかったが，画像検査で小腸内に複数の異物を認め，磁性玩具が疑われた。無症状のため経過観察での自然排出を期待したが，5日間経過しても移動を認めず，腹腔鏡下異物除去術を施行した。複数の磁石により接着された小腸は，接着部で穿通し消化管穿通・瘻孔形成を来していた。術後経過は良好で，術後6日で退院した。海外のアルゴリズムでは，単純X線検査を繰り返すことによる経過観察を行うと記載があるが，経過観察から手術へ方針転換する時期についての明確な推奨はない。本症例では無症状であったことが経過観察期間を延ばした要因であり，異物除去術への方針変更を行う時期を逃さないことが重要である。ネオジム磁石複数誤飲の場合，異物の移動がない場合は，無症状でも最長72時間以内に手術を決断すべきと考える。

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Successful endoscopic removal of high‐power magnetic balls embedded in the duodenal wall

Kennedy,

Kumta,

Lai

2024

JPGN rep.

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The dangers of magnet ingestion are well known. When multiple magnets are ingested, interventional removal is often necessary to prevent and/or treat complications. Despite reports of both endoscopic and surgical techniques in the literature, there is a lack of clear guidance on the best method for removal of high‐power magnets when they are embedded within the intestinal wall (increasing concern for fistulation, perforation, and bowel wall necrosis). This case demonstrates the successful endoscopic removal of magnetic balls incidentally identified on X‐ray and found to be embedded in the duodenal wall in a critically ill 2‐year‐old patient. Endoscopic removal can be considered in similar situations, if all resources (interventional endoscopy and pediatric surgery) are available to proceed safely.

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Magnet Injuries in Children: An Analysis of the National Poison Data System from 2008 to 2019

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention

Magnet Ingestion in Children Management Guidelines and Prevention

偶発的に発見した小児複数磁石誤飲の1例(A case of incidental X–ray finding of ingestion of multiple magnets in a child)

Successful endoscopic removal of high‐power magnetic balls embedded in the duodenal wall

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