Magnetic and electric response of single subwavelength holes

Rotenberg, Nir; Krijger, T. L.; Feber, B. le; Spasenović, Marko; Abajo, F. Javier García de; Kuipers, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.88.241408

Cited by 34 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In this first experiment an s-NSOM was used, and hence the amplitudes of the E z and E || = E x components of the near field were mapped, where the choice of the in-plane component was determined by the positioning of the detector relative to the sample and tip 64 Figure 1 | Near-field scanning optical microscopy. 2b), and more recently has been crucial to unravelling the optical response of nanoscopic plasmonic scatterers such as subwavelength holes 66 . The interaction of the tip of the probe with the light converts a very small amount of near-field to far-field radiation, where it can be detected by standard free-space optics.…”

Section: Visualizing Electric Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping nanoscale light fields

2014

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N ear-field microscopy is a powerful tool that allows the study of the complex electromagnetic fields that surround nanophotonic structures. As our control over the feature size of these structures becomes ever finer, the ability to image their near fields becomes ever more crucial. This is because, at the nanoscale, light-matter interactions are intimately linked to an object's geometry and not just to the optical properties of its constituent materials. Consequently, near-field mappings are often the only route to understanding the underlying physical processes of exciting phenomena such as extraordinary optical transmission 1,2 , light propagation through photonic crystal waveguides 3,4 , and the optical response of nanoantennas 5,6 . Likewise, when accurate knowledge of the details of nanoscopic light fields is crucial to the performance of a device, near-field imaging becomes essential. Examples of such situations include the creation of hotspots for nonlinear nanophotonics 7 or sensing applications 8 , the way in which nanophotonic structures direct light flow 9 , or the generation of structured fields for nanomanipulation 10,11 . In all, there are a host of fields that stand to gain from the information available from near-field microscopy.In this Review we discuss recent progress towards a complete mapping of light fields at the nanoscale, suggesting new scientific avenues that are opened by these advances. We begin by briefly reviewing the basics of subwavelength field mapping. We then outline recent progress in the mapping of electric near-field vector components, and progress to mapping that goes beyond the vector nature, such as time-or frequency-resolved measurements. We then address recent progress towards the mapping of magnetic near fields, and in particular towards the ability to simultaneously map the entire electromagnetic near field. Throughout the entire Review, we highlight exciting nanophotonic systems whose near fields can be accessed because of progress in this field. Lastly, we end with a brief outlook on the remaining challenges in the pursuit of a complete nanoscale near-field mapping. Basics of subwavelength field mappingNear fields (Box 1) are intrinsically hard to image directly, as they cannot be viewed by, for example, a CCD array or photodiode. This is because near fields are evanescent in nature and hence, for visible or near-infrared light, these fields are typically found within 10s or 100s of nanometres of a surface. Consequently, an intermediate step is required, whereby some of the near field is converted to far field. This conversion may be achieved in several ways. For example, information about the nanoscopic fields may be accessed by incorporating emitters such as dye molecules into a nanophotonic structure and studying the resultant fluorescence 12 , or by using photoresist which polymerizes at high intensities and henceThe control of light fields on subwavelength scales in nanophotonic structures has become ubiquitous, driven by both curiosity and a multitude of appli...

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Section: Visualizing Electric Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping nanoscale light fields

2014

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“…Here we confine our discussions to multipoles up to quadrupoles and generalized EMs and MMs can of course be achieved replying on much higher-order resonances. The principles we reveal are quite universal and can be applied within other configurations consisting of spherical [38] or other irregularly shaped particles made of dielectric, plasmonic (including plasmonic holes [18,39,40]), two-dimensional, topological materials or their combinations. We believe that our work can stimulate lots of further studies aiming to obtain, replying on sole electric responses, many other advanced functionalities that were originally believed unobtainable without magnetic responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Generalized Magnetic Mirrors

Liu

2017

Phys. Rev. Lett.

107

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We propose generalized magnetic mirrors that can be achieved by excitations of sole electric resonances. Conventional approaches to obtain magnetic mirrors rely heavily on exciting the fundamental magnetic dipoles, whereas here we reveal that besides magnetic resonances, electric resonances of higher orders can be also employed to obtain highly efficient magnetic mirrors. Based on the electromagnetic duality, it is also shown that electric mirrors can be achieved by exciting magnetic resonances. We provide direct demonstrations of the generalized mirrors proposed in a simple system of one-dimensional periodic array of all-dielectric wires, which may shed new light to many advanced fields of photonics related to resonant multipolar excitations and interferences.Displacement currents induced artificial magnetic responses, especially magnetic dipoles (MDs), serve as the cornerstone of many branches of metamaterials [1][2][3], and play a central role in lots of exotic optical and photonic phenomena [3][4][5]. Besides the relatively complex metaatoms of designed shapes, it is recently discovered that optically-induced magnetism exists within simple highindex dielectric particles, which stems from magnetic Mie resonances supported [6][7][8]. Consequently, a new branch of all-dielectric meta-photonics emerges, which relies on a full exploitation of excitations and interferences of both electric and magnetic resonances [9][10][11], and enables much more flexible control of both magnitudes and phases of the fields [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, such a field rapidly hybridizes with other branches of metasurfaces, optical nanoantennas and topological photonics [13], which renders enormous extra freedom for manipulations of various kinds of light-matter interactions and makes possible lots of novel photonic functionalities and devices [14][15][16].A recent rather remarkable achievement based on optically-induced magnetism is magnetic mirrors (MMs) obtained at various spectral regimes [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. MMs can effectively eliminate the half-wave loss of electric fields that exists at the conventional medium interfaces, and thus have the electric fields enhanced close to the boundaries. This is of great importance for various applications including sensing, imaging, and many other applications related to light-matter interaction enhancement [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Nevertheless, similar to many novel functionalities obtained in metamaterials and metasurfaces [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], the existing approaches to obtain MMs heavily rely on the excitations of the fundamental MDs [19,20,[23][24][25]. Then it is vital to ask: for the demonstration of both MMs and many other exotic phenomena, are the magnetic responses (especially MDs) really essential? Can the magnetic resonances be replaced by sole electric ones (or vice versa) to realize identical functionalities?Here in this work, we propose generalized MMs, for which MDs and more generally magnetic responses ar...

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“…Furthermore excitation of SPP leads to non-uniform temperature distribution in plasmonic structures which is manifested in non-trivial signal transients. Near-field scanning optical microscopy has been used in order to explore magnetic field component of light in plasmonics by measuring how a sub-wavelength hole in metal generates magnetic fields which interfere with the incoming field [2]. Controlling direction was also an important feature of this work: we elaborated a design for a double-period grating that allows control of the direction of light by controlling phase between the two periods [3].…”

Section: Extended Abstractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent control and angular momentum transfer in semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures

Акимов

Yakovlev

Bayer

et al. 2015

2015 17th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON)

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EXTENDED ABSTRACTSemiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures have attracted considerable attention during the last decade. Semiconductors are the basis of today's information technology because of the possibility of tailoring electrical and optical properties on a detailed level. An elementary optical excitation in semiconductors is the electron-hole pair (exciton) with large oscillator strength which potentially enables ultrafast information processing. However, for quantum information applications excitons have been scarcely considered because of their limited optical coherence time due to complex many body interactions and their short radiative lifetime (below 1 ns) being the downside of the large oscillator strength. In nanostructures such as quantum dots (QDs) the optical decoherence is weak but still limited by radiative decay. Therefore approaches to involve the long-lasting coherence of resident electron spins have been pursued recently. The key excitation in plasmonics is the surface plasmon polariton (SPP), which is a coupled oscillation of the electromagnetic field and electron plasma in a metal. SPPs allow electromagnetic energy to be concentrated in nanoscale volumes at the interface between a metal and a dielectric, leading to an enhancement of linear and nonlinear optical effects. Current state of the art in nanotechnology allows fabrication of sophisticated metallic structures thus making possible light engineering at the nanoscale. Plasmonic structures may be shaped to manipulate the polarization of the light into novel "orbital" angular momentum states. Therefore, placing semiconductor nanostructures in the vicinity of plasmonic structures may establish transfer of angular momentum to a QD spin as well as efficient coherent control of electronic states. In order to achieve these goals detailed knowledge of near-field distribution of the electromagnetic fields and their propagation, optical response of the system under excitation with optical pulses which is governed by dynamics of electronic states in each of the constituents (semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures) and combined hybrid structures are required.First, we present the results on ultrafast optical response and polarization resolved near-field studies from pure plasmonic structures. We demonstrate that SPPs in one-dimensional plasmonic structures can be efficiently used by probing with light to access a series of dynamics of the conduction electrons in the metal from a femtosecond to a nanosecond timescale [1]. Furthermore excitation of SPP leads to non-uniform temperature distribution in plasmonic structures which is manifested in non-trivial signal transients. Near-field scanning optical microscopy has been used in order to explore magnetic field component of light in plasmonics by measuring how a sub-wavelength hole in metal generates magnetic fields which interfere with the incoming field [2]. Controlling direction was also an important feature of this work: we elaborated a design for a double-period grating that allows control...

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Magnetic and electric response of single subwavelength holes

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Mapping nanoscale light fields

Mapping nanoscale light fields

Generalized Magnetic Mirrors

Coherent control and angular momentum transfer in semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures

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