Magnetic and fluorescent graphene for dual modal imaging and single light induced photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer cells

Gollavelli, Ganesh; Ling, Yong‐Chien

doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.011

Cited by 169 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This phenomenon illustrates the inability of the heat generated from pure water under irradiation to cause cancer cell death and further confi rms the low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of C-dots. However, upon 635 nm laser irradiation (0.1 W cm −2 , 10 min), parts of the cells are destroyed after incubation with 200 µg mL −1 C-dots ( Figure 5 g) because of the ease with which 1 O 2 is produced and the inability to generate heat under such low laser power doses, [ 30 ] as previously discussed. Thus, PDT is predominant at low laser power doses.…”

Section: In Vitro Imaging and Pdt/pttmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This fi nding is attributed to the fact that at high power doses, C-dots can simultaneously generate 1 O 2 and produce heat to efficiently kill cells by simultaneous PDT and PTT using a single red laser. [ 30 ] We further quantitatively evaluated the cytotoxicity and bimodal PDT/PTT effi cacy of C-dots using MTT assay. As presented in Figure 5 i, 200 µg mL −1 of C-dots does not have any effect on cancer cell survival without laser irradiation.…”

Section: In Vitro Imaging and Pdt/pttmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Jia

Liu

et al. 2015

Adv Healthcare Materials

263

140

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Cancer nanotheranostics combining therapeutic and imaging functions within a single nanoplatform are extremely important for nanomedicine. In this study, carbon dots (C-dots) with intrinsic theranostic properties are prepared by using polythiophene benzoic acid as carbon source. The obtained C-dots absorb light in the range of 400-700 nm and emit bright fluorescence in the red region (peaking from 640 to 680 nm at different excitations). More importantly, the obtained C-dots exhibit dual photodynamic and photothermal effects under 635 nm laser irradiation with a singlet oxygen ((1)O2) generating efficiency of 27% and high photothermal conversion efficiency of 36.2%. These unique properties enable C-dots to act as a red-light-triggered theranostic agent for imaging-guided photodynamic-photothermal simultaneous therapy in vitro and in vivo within the therapeutic window (600-1000 nm).

show abstract

Section: In Vitro Imaging and Pdt/pttmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: In Vitro Imaging and Pdt/pttmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Jia

Liu

et al. 2015

Adv Healthcare Materials

263

140

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“…26 A noncovalent method was used to immobilize photosensitizers onto graphene via π-π stacking, which caused a significant reduction in the fluorescence and ROS generation as a result of a π-π stacking interaction with graphene. 21,22,26,27 To overcome the aforementioned obstacles, we developed a novel ovarian cancer-targeted nanomedicine platform that preserves fluorescence imaging and ROS-generating capabilities of the photosensitizer immobilized on the graphene surface. In our design, graphene nanosheets were chemically conjugated with polypropylenimine generation 4 (PPIG4) dendrimer loaded with silicon Pc derivative to produce a LOGr-Pc-PPIG4 complex ( Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13,42 Despite a strong absorption signal in the NIR optical window, previously developed nanoplatforms based on hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking between photosensitizers and graphene oxides have been characterized by drastic fluorescence quenching of the photosensitizer and a significant decrease in ROS generation. 24,26,43 This is related to …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalocyanine-loaded graphene nanoplatform for imaging-guided combinatorial phototherapy

Taratula¹,

Taratula²,

Patel³

et al. 2015

IJN

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We report a novel cancer-targeted nanomedicine platform for imaging and prospect for future treatment of unresected ovarian cancer tumors by intraoperative multimodal phototherapy. To develop the required theranostic system, novel low-oxygen graphene nanosheets were chemically modified with polypropylenimine dendrimers loaded with phthalocyanine (Pc) as a photosensitizer. Such a molecular design prevents fluorescence quenching of the Pc by graphene nanosheets, providing the possibility of fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, the developed nanoplatform was conjugated with poly(ethylene glycol), to improve biocompatibility, and with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptide, for tumor-targeted delivery. Notably, a low-power near-infrared (NIR) irradiation of single wavelength was used for both heat generation by the graphene nanosheets (photothermal therapy [PTT]) and for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-production by Pc (photodynamic therapy [PDT]). The combinatorial phototherapy resulted in an enhanced destruction of ovarian cancer cells, with a killing efficacy of 90%–95% at low Pc and low-oxygen graphene dosages, presumably conferring cytotoxicity to the synergistic effects of generated ROS and mild hyperthermia. An animal study confirmed that Pc loaded into the nanoplatform can be employed as a NIR fluorescence agent for imaging-guided drug delivery. Hence, the newly developed Pc-graphene nanoplatform has the significant potential as an effective NIR theranostic probe for imaging and combinatorial phototherapy.

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“…164 In another study, Gollavelli et al developed SiNc 4 photosensitizer loaded magnetic°uorescent graphene and demonstrated bimodal°u orescence/MRI imaging guided combined photothermal-photodynamic therapy of HeLa cells in vitro. 165 …”

Section: Multimodal Imaging-guided Phototherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications

Roy

Jaiswal

2017

Rep. Adv. Phys. Sci.

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Graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have gained a lot of attention from diverse scienti¯c¯elds for applications in sensing, catalysis, nanoelectronics, material engineering, energy storage and biomedicine due to its unique structural, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. Graphene-based nanomaterials emerge as a novel class of nanomedicine for cancer therapy for several reasons. Firstly, its structural properties like high surface area and aromaticity enables easy loading of hydrophobic drugs. Secondly, presence of oxygen containing functional groups improve its physiological stability and also act as site for biofunctionalization. Thirdly, its optical absorption in the NIR region enable them to act as photoagents for photothermal and photodynamic therapies of cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, its intrinsic°u orescence property helps in bioimaging of cancer cells. Overall, graphene-based nanomaterials can act as agents for developing multifunctional theranostic platforms for carrying out more e±cient detection and treatment of cancers. This review provides a detailed summary of the di®erent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in drug delivery, nucleic acid delivery, phototherapy, bioimaging and theranostics.

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Magnetic and fluorescent graphene for dual modal imaging and single light induced photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer cells

Cited by 169 publications

References 56 publications

Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Phthalocyanine-loaded graphene nanoplatform for imaging-guided combinatorial phototherapy

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications

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Magnetic and fluorescent graphene for dual modal imaging and single light induced photothermal and photodynamic therapy of cancer cells

Cited by 169 publications

References 56 publications

Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Carbon Dots with Intrinsic Theranostic Properties for Bioimaging, Red‐Light‐Triggered Photodynamic/Photothermal Simultaneous Therapy In Vitro and In Vivo

Phthalocyanine-loaded graphene nanoplatform for&nbsp;imaging-guided combinatorial phototherapy

Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications

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Phthalocyanine-loaded graphene nanoplatform for imaging-guided combinatorial phototherapy