Spin-transition heterostructures
have shown promise for inducing
large switchable stresses at the nanoscale with a volumetric work
density similar to piezoelectrics, but before practical applications
are feasible, how heterostructure interfaces and geometry influence
the transmission of stress and, in return, how they affect the spin-transition
actuator itself, must be better understood. Here, four series of cubic
spin-transition Prussian blue analogue (PBA) core–shell heterostructures
were developed in order to probe the scaling behavior of the strain
induced in the shell by the spin transition of the core. Cubic Rb
x
Co[Fe(CN)6]
y·nH2O (RbCoFe-PBA) particles ranging 100–600 nm were
used to prepare separate series of Rb
x
Co[Fe(CN)6]
y
·nH2O@KjNi[Cr(CN)6]
k
·mH2O (RbCoFe@KNiCr-PBA)
core–shell particles with magnetic KNiCr-PBA shells ranging
from 15 to 130 nm. A model fit to the strain-modified magnetization
extracts the “strained volume” of the shell, and the
results are compared with structural changes observed with powder
X-ray diffraction. A linear relationship is found between the strained
volume of the shell and the volume of the core for thicker shells,
where the magnetic KNiCr-PBA shell is influenced to depths greater
than 100 nm in response to the spin transition of the RbCoFe-PBA core.
For thin shells, the relationship is more complicated, as the volume
change in the actuating core and the strain it induces in the shell
become interdependent and a function of shell thickness.